How Engineering Can Work Together With Anthropology

This paper seeks to show how engineering can work together with anthropology to explore the effects of global climate change, due to increased carbon emissions. Political ecology, co-management, and tragedy of the commons are three concepts within anthropology which will be used to discuss this issue, and will be defined in detail further in this paper. Climate change can be defined as the change in global or regional climate patterns due to human activity. The World Wildlife Fund (2012) has found that the main contributor towards climate change to be the increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to industrialization, and the widespread use of fossil fuels in modern society. For this discussion, some anthropological terms must first be defined. Culture is defined as an ideational system, and refers to shared ideas and experiences that are learned by humans (Kessing and Strathern 1998). Wolf (1982) defines society as the means by which humans and their interactions ar e organized, through economic, political and social ties and technology is defined as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes within society. Climate change is an important issue as it has many widespread social and economic impacts such as shifting trends of global food production, disease, and rising sea levels (Cooper 2000). The purpose of this essay is to explore three concepts in Anthropology and show how they relate to this issue of climate change caused by carbonShow MoreRelatedMy Thoughts On Magic, Science, And Religion849 Words   |  4 Pageshave never taken any anthropology class before, I decided to give it a shot. My thoughts on magic, science, and religion, have definitely changed from before I even took this class to now, after all the material has been presented. My academic career so far has been in the science and engineering field, so I was most familiar with the science aspect of this class. Throughout this essay, I will explain my initial thoughts about the terms, magic, science, and religion, and how they changed throughoutRead MoreFunctions Of An Effective Group1211 Words   |  5 Pagestask functions to perform its work successfully. There are various maintenance functions to ensure member satisfaction and to ensure there is a sense of team spirit. Teams that successfully fulfill these functions afford their members the potential for the social benefits of psychological intimacy and integrated involvement we discussed at the beginning of the chapter. Task functions are those activities directly related to the effective completion of the team’s work. For example, the task of initiatingRead MoreMultivariate Statistical Analysis : Natural And Physical Processes1078 Words   |  5 Pagesvariables is called multivariate statistical analysis (1). 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The cultural Anthropology is an elaboration of the behavior in the galactic scale. That is learned and taught in groups and in transmitted from generation to generation: A change in the frequency of alleles from one generation to the next. Cultural Anthropologies is a branch in which it studies the culturalRead MoreDr Maria Montessori1464 Words   |  6 Pages   Assignment Module 1 1. Discuss life and work of Dr. Maria Montessori and why is she referred to as a  lady much ahead of her time? * Dr. Maria Montessori was born in Italy in 1870. Most of her life was spent in Rome. Her  father Ale jandro was an accountant in government services. Her mother, Renilde , had good education for a woman of her time and was more open to the many transformations that affected daily life at the end of the 19th Century. Maria Montessori, an only child, she wasRead MoreThe Production Of A Production Plant Essay1897 Words   |  8 PagesIn a production plant there is a of many microcultures within an organization broken down in different groups such as production, engineering, and leadership groups. For this paper I will describe the microcultures within the production as they share the same training of corporate culture as the other groups the culture within the group is very different. I have worked in production for many years and for the last ten months have been part of the leadership group therefore I will approach the paperRead MoreProduction Of A Production Plant Essay1951 Words   |  8 PagesIn a production plant there is are many microcultures within an organization broken down into different groups such as production, engineering, and leadership groups. For this paper I will describe the microcultures within the production group. 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The Atomic Bomb On The World s History - 1155 Words

The Use of Atomic Bombs in WWII was Necessary August 1945 would be the end of what is currently the worst conflict in the world’s history. Imperial Japan is the only nation from the Axis Powers that continues to fight with no negotiation of peace. The acting President Harry S. Truman made the only decision he felt could end this terrible war. On August 6th, 1945 Harry S. Truman gave the order to drop the first atomic bomb on Japanese city Hiroshima killing eighty-thousand people instantly. After refusing our offer for peace Truman gave the order on August 9th, 1945 to drop the second Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki killing another seventy-thousand people instantly. After a hundred and fifty-six thousand Japanese were killed in the span of†¦show more content†¦However, both knew the devastation that would be brought to their respected countries so no real action ever occurred. The U.S and Soviet Union were locked in a battled labeled â€Å"Mutually Assured Destructionâ⠂¬  where both sides feared the others ability to use nuclear weapons (Arms Control Today, Joseph Cirincione). Many overlook this fact, but it stands. If the U.S. wouldn’t have used the bombs on Japan then it is very possible the Cold War could have easily become hot for neither factions would have known the bombs true destructive power. In the book Nukes: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons states that, â€Å"If the Cold War would have become hot; the whole world would’ve been affected by the radiation from the war.† Many need to take inconsideration that the bombs being dropped on Japan possibly saved close to a billion lives. Many people in today’s society argue the true nature of the bombs. The text Was Hiroshima Necessary states, â€Å" There are three arguments usually marshalled against the use of the bomb in 1945. First, that to use the bomb only against Japan was racist; second, that it was pointless; and third, that it was done purely for political effect that had more to do with the Soviet Union than with the war in the Pacific.† To refute the first argument the Germans were not spared by no means. Cities in Germany such as Dresden were leveled due to firebombing by the allies. Once the first nuclear bomb had beenShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb : Manhattan Project1331 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. The Manhattan project was the invention of the first two nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy. These two bombs were dropped on Japanese islands to end World War II. Math The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2, equation in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theoryRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdropping of the atomic bombs in Japan was a very helpful source for the United States during the WWII. President Truman, took the responsibility of dropping and creation of the atomic bomb. For the reason that The United States was seeking revenge on Japan for the attack at Pearl Harbor. The atomic bomb caused a high number of innocent Japanese deaths and also awful sickness. The atomic bombs left a big impact in the Japanese empire; also effected the Japanese at the time of the atomic bomb and the generationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : Manhattan Project1112 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project What is it: The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. the manhattan project was the invention of the first two nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy.These two bombs were dropped on japanese islands to end World War II. Math: The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2, equation in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theory of specialRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : Manhattan Project1331 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. The Manhattan project was the invention of the first two nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy. These two bombs were dropped on Japanese islands to end World War II. Math The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2, equation in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theoryRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Significant Period Of Time That Molds The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomicRead MoreThe Nuclear Of Uranium And The Atomic Bomb1215 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Beginning in 1941 the exploration of uranium 235 and the atomic bomb began. The bomb would be used against Japan to end the deadly encounters during World War II in exchange for unconditional surrender. In 1945 the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima killing over 190,000 people and then another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki killing about 70,000 people. Japan surrendered bringing an end to the war but this was only the beginning of what is known as the nuclear age. HistoricalRead MoreTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesto take a side and then write an editorial on Harry S Truman’s decision to order the dropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people were vaporizedRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On The World War II887 Words   |  4 Pagesdrop two atomic bombs days apart in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I completely agree with President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities because I believe it is the main reason that ended World War II. Being from Malaysia, my grandparents often told me stories of their sufferings during World War II. As Singapore’s former Prime Minister concurred, the Japanese soldiers were mean, brutal and vicious towards the civilians, and if the atomic bombs were notRead MoreAmerica Chose To Drop Atomic Bombs On Japan, And This Affected1314 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica chose to drop atomic bombs on Japan, and this affected the war and the country in many ways. America was trying to stop the war and make Japan surrender. Atomic bombs, which are nuclear weapons, were dropped by the United States on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Atomic bombs terrify everyone today, but at that time, they were considered an indispensable step for an early end to the war with minimal human losses. Some people believed the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki wereRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 Pagescourse of history was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many lives were changed forever. The atomic bombings caused many people to have genetic effects due to the radiation from the bombs. Revisionists

Biotechnology in human medicine Essay Example For Students

Biotechnology in human medicine Essay Biotechnology is the science by which scietist change or manage biological systems in living things. This science allows humans to better understand, and apply their learnings to things such as agriculture, industry and human medicine. One of the ways scientist are learning more about medicines is by performing labs that are called cultures. This is when microorganisms or cells are grown in a controlled enviroment, set up by the experimenter. Also the culture must be kept clean and have food at all times. The organisms living in this cell are also known as a culture cell. When all is said and done the scientist should hopefully have learned something, usually having to do with a cell being different than normal. From culture labs scientist can make antiobiotics, vaccines and other drugs that can help people in todays society who are ill. Pharming is another way to help make medicines better. Pharming is a method by Scientists take milk from animals to produce proteins that are needed by humans. This method is a substitute to that of a culture because it is not only cheaper but is much safer. The Human Genome Project is also a project that is helpful to that of medicines. This project is aimed to help understand how genes work in a persons body. Once we we learn more about the genes of people the door is opened to other paths. The goals of this project are to identify all 100,000 genes in DNA, determine the 3 billion chemical bases found in DNA and then to develop tools that will help us analyze all of the information that is learned from the project. These are only just some of what is gonna help us with medicine in the future. Bibliography: .

Information Technology Services Virtualization and IT Infrastructure

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology for Services Virtualization and IT Infrastructure. Answer: Introduction Services virtualization and IT infrastructure consolidation offer screening services, strategy, design and implementation through data center infrastructure and application environment. It helps to develop a virtualization strategy that meets your business needs and using IT systems and HP converged infrastructure solutions, in conjunction with years of experience to create a customized solution (Crosby, Garcia, Williams, 2007) IT managers say that consolidation and virtualization are your priorities as major efficiency initiatives. But they worry that will impact projects large-scale consolidation and virtualization in general business organization. Therefore they focus their efforts and are set in areas that get more benefits of virtualization and consolidation: these are storage and network servers. With this in mind, IT managers should create a comprehensive plan that takes all variables into account. This can improve the control exercised over a complex IT environment. We can help you achieve the benefits you need and to fulfill the promises you have made to the company. Network virtualization Virtual networks offer the same functions and guarantees a physical network, along with the operational advantages and independence of own hardware virtualization. Turning to the field of virtualization, the online encyclopedia of the famous magazine PC News, defines virtualization as: a variety of technologies for the management of computing resources, providing a translation layer of software known as "abstraction layer" between software and physical hardware. Now, the idea of virtualization, associated with the virtual word, suggests that virtual virtualization is not real and that it is only an appearance; for nothing more distant than the latter view, since virtualization in the field of information technology and communications, it refers to a different way of perceiving reality. Brief Explanation of the Topic Large volumes of data and real-time applications are taking storage requirements to new levels. Through storage virtualization, disks and flash drives on separate servers, they are combined to form deposits of high-performance storage and are supplied as software. The software-defined storage (SDS, Software-Defined Storage) is a new storage strategy that provides a fundamentally more efficient operating model. Benefits of virtualization Virtualization can increase the scalability, flexibility and agility, while generating significant cost savings. Workloads are implemented faster, performance and availability increase, and operations are automated. All this makes IT management simpler and property operation and less costly. Among the additional advantages include the following: Many organizations has a long history of delivering IT solutions that combine the best technology and project management practices. To this we add our more than 12 years of being associated with industry-leading IT organizations. This paper highlights the influence and importance of ICT in contemporary organizations. The method used was the documentary by analysis of library, media resources, and Web sites This paper highlights the influence and Importance of ICT in contemporary Organizations. The method used was the documentary by bibliographic analysis from media resources, and Web sites. The results highlighted the emergence of two layers, the Computer-structure and the Culture of computers Within the ICT and the Human Development link. As well, the Impacts on the corporate culture, ICT as part of the product, in the ITS Importance design of the organization, and their role as decision-making in supporting. ICT virtualization is manifested mainly as follows: 1)In hardware virtualization 2) In network virtualization and storage 3) In application virtualization All this indicates that ICT has impacted the way we live and share the world increasingly globalized, opening channels for the globalization of knowledge, finance, and culture, among others, allowing for certain activities through technological means, such as: They are communities that are fundamentally related in virtual environments via the Internet or online communities, among which discussion forums, social networks (Facebook, Twitter), emails and email groups, Groups news, Video Conferencing, and Chat, among others. Within these communities scientific communities, knowledge networks and others, formed by a group of people, united by a common interest, and maintain their relationship with time are grouped. Also it is known as telecommuting, in which an organization, making use of ICT facilitates the employee reaches its activities in places other than the location of the organization, improving environmental impact and economic recovery in some societies, through democratization of employment, becoming a valid employment option. To overcome this gap the state has raised a number of challenges that are intended position on the Information Society to achieve national integration, widespread access to information, enhance the education sector as well as health and reducing inequalities in access to telecommunications services. This has been proposed reforms in the regulatory framework to guide the incorporation and use of ICT, contained in the Constitution, the Organic Law of Telecommunications, the National Telecommunications Plan focuses on the development of telecommunications sector; the Organic Law on Science, Technology and Innovation and the National Plan for Information Technology whose mission is "The development of strategies, policies, plans, programs and policies in a coordinated and articulated manner between public bodies and private sector, mainly with the productive sector, allowing investment, development and consolidation of ICT in all areas of state and society " Results of the influence of ICT in organizations Progression and History Without having intended to exhaust the subject of the influence of ICT in organizations, but rather to have shown the tip of the iceberg in this topic it can be summarized generally in the following results: The change in the structure of the productive sectors, which rely increasingly on collaborative networks of production, management and information exchange. ICT virtualization does not overlap the modern organization, they are an integral part thereof.Non-overlapping ICT networks are an integral part of these networks.Strategies, operational criteria and organizational formulas should think together and in an integrated strategy with the use of ICT. ICT virtualization should be an integral part of the networks and modern organizations are interlinked networks, so the production chain owns value of an organization ceases to be a linear representation to adopt network structure. The influence of ICT has made the organization becomes a series of nodes, closely attached to the client, grouped network(Davies, 2008). Importance Having regard to the influence that ICT virtualization has made organizational, social, political and economic level to infer the importance of ICT in the organizational field. In principle, ICTs offer greater facilities, overcoming the barriers of distance and time, in most cases. In addition, they offer accuracy, reduced risks and lower costs. IT Issues and Growth Companies are heavily investing in rapidly emerging technology of virtualization. This topic fits into the top It issues in the following ways. Virtualization is important for the chief information officer because it provides the company with a set of tools which enables lowering of costs and increasing flexibility. These are things that are very crucial for every enterprise and IT organization. Virtualization provides various significant benefits to the organization hence the chief information officer should be involved in establishing pilots , expertise development and putting the virtualization technology to work (Information technology, 2005). Virtualization for innovation Virtualization essentially is important in every the growth of IT for the company and every stage of development of IT. As so, virtualization increases flexibility in the organization by decoupling the operating system and the applications that are supported by the system from a physical hardware platform. There can be significant innovation boost when organizations are looking to innovate and create new systems and services without additional hardware installation(Laudon Laudon, 2000). Virtualization excels at supporting innovation by using virtual environment for learning and training. A case example is when learners can establish unique soft wares without exclusively using hardware resources. A student may work with a known system environment that is known. Innovations can therefore be accelerated and facilitated with minimum investment. Companies with virtualization experience that is broader may consider implementing portable virtual environments. Cost saving Another important aspect of virtualization is lowering costs. This comes when servers are consolidated into a set that is smaller and more powerful hardware platforms running a virtual environment collection. The costs can be reduced also by a more improved performance that can be executed in more powerful hardware(Preston, 2001). Benefits can further be enhanced by increasing hardware capacity in a manner that is non-disruptive to dynamically migrate workloads to available resources. Introduction of virtualization significantly reduce the need to replicate hardware environments that are identical and enables testing of scenarios at a cost that is lower. Seasonal workloads and peak periods in an organization can be remedied by virtualization. For example if you have peak workloads. Virtualization as a standard solution Vendors of operating systems should include virtualization as a standard component, virtualization vendors should make sure that the scope of their offerings are expanded and also the hardware vendors should build virtual capabilities in their platforms. Although substantial benefits are available from existing virtualization services, it can yield more benefits in both availability and manageability by building new applications with an integrated virtualization strategy. Strategy Traditionally the IT capacity plan is considered a proper process of IT (Information Technology), whose purpose was to study the volume of information that could manage the IT infrastructure. It has also been considered as a proper process of organizations with a large volume of resources(Schwalbe, 2006). But both perceptions are changing with the advent of the IT services offered from the cloud as infrastructure, platform or software as a service. This is the strategy that the CIO should implement. They have also contributed to this change, technologies such as virtualization, enabling consolidation of IT resources or new ways of procurement of services such as "pay per use". All these factors have succeeded in changing the idea that companies have the IT capacity plan as a passive element, to turn it into an enabling component of strategy. For any organization, whether large or small, is essential to maintain its business strategy aligned with market demand, any possible deviation s may result in losses(Muller, 2005). For a small organization, such as a startup, with a small number of business processes, which are also relatively simple to implement and whose IT infrastructure is not too big, build a plan IT capacity is relatively simple and does not require too much effort. There is a set of recommendations or best practices that we can continue to develop a plan IT capacity. Implementation The server virtualization vendors such as VMware, storage identified as one of the key factors in the adoption of this technology. Since these providers have extracted hypervisor CPU and memory resources for better control and greater use, it makes use of control storage. But the concept of moving functionality of the storage controller to the host server in what is called "storage hypervisor" produces some potential problems. This is to manage storage services such as snapshots, clones and thin provisioning, which are important in virtual server and virtual desktop, you can significantly reduce the performance of the host server. References Crosby, S., Garcia, J., Williams, D. (2007). Virtualization with Xen. Burlington, Mass.: Syngress. Davies, P. (2008). Information technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dittner, R. Rule, D. (2007). Best damn server virtualization book period. Burlington, MA: Syngress. Information technology. (2005). Geneva. Innovation in information technology. (2003). Washington, D.C. Laudon, K. Laudon, J. (2000). Management information systems. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Muller, A. (2005). Virtualization with VMware ESX Server. Rockland, MA: Syngress. Preston, P. (2001). Reshaping communications. London: SAGE. Schwalbe, K. (2006). Information technology project management. Boston, Mass.: Thomson Course Technology.

Alias grace dreams essays

Alias grace dreams essays I finished reading Alias Grace a couple of nights ago. I think one of the quotes from the blurb on the back read something like surely, this is as far as a novel can go and I think I agree. Not so much with the plot, which is still brilliant and involving, but by the sheer amount of technical skill Atwood demonstrates. Youll find a number of different writing methods styles that lesser novels pick one of and use all the way through like poetry, letters from characters to other characters and extracts from other (real life) texts of Grace Marks murder trial. What makes it all so impressive is that in one chapter you could be reading straight from the mind of Grace herself and then the next a number of letters from Dr. Simon Jordan (her fledgling psychologist) addressed to his mother, and it all seamlessly connects while feeling relevant to the story. And the story is an interesting one. I have the feeling I wouldve appreciated more if I had heard of Grace Marks or knew a little bit about the case before reading. Theres a sense that Atwood is writing for people who might have wondered about Grace Marks past and needed someone imaginative to fill in the gaps for them. But Atwood still does an excellent job of catering for the ignorant. Alias Grace is also a book that needs to be read all at once in a fairly short period of time; just to process all the information and keep events straight in your mind. My casual reading habits werent much help with that. But either way, like I said before, the book did what I wanted it to do: prove to me that Margaret Atwood is a bloody good writer. I think I now appreciate The Handmaids Tale a little more because it. Sigmund Freud (18561939) is universally considered the father of psychoanalysis, and many date the birth of psychoanalytic theory from the 1899 publication of The Interpretation of Dream...

Enslavement Timeline 1619 to 1696

Enslavement Timeline 1619 to 1696 Historian Frances Latimer argues that enslavement happened one law at a time, one person at a time. As the American colonies grew throughout the 17th Century, human bondage transformed from indentured servitude to a life of enslavement. 1612: Commercial tobacco is raised in Jamestown, Va.1619: Twenty Africans are transported to Jamestown. They were imported to work as slaves in Great Britains American colonies.1626: The Dutch West India Company brings eleven African-American men to the New Netherlands1636: Desire, the first carrier in the United States to participate in human trade. The ship is built and first sails from Massachusetts. This marks the beginning of colonial North Americas participation in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.1640: John Punch becomes the first documented slave to receive servitude for life. An African servant, John Punch, is sentenced to life after running away. His white friends, who also ran away, received extended servitude.1640: Residents of New Netherlands are prohibited from providing any assistance to fugitive slaves.1641: The DAngolas become the first recorded marriage between people of African descent.1641: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize enslavement.1643: A fugit ive slave law is established in the New England Confederation. The Confederation includes Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Haven. 1650: Connecticut legalizes enslavement.1652: Rhode Island creates laws restricting and then forbidding slavery.1652: All black and Native American servants are mandated to take military training by Massachusetts law.1654: Blacks are granted the right to be slaveholders in Virginia.1657: Virginia passes a fugitive slave law.1660: The Council of Foreign Plantations is ordered by Charles II, King of England, to convert slaves and indentured servants to Christianity.1662: Virginia passes a law establishing hereditary slavery. The law states that children of African-American mothers shall be bond or free according to the condition of the mother.1662: Massachusetts passes a law prohibiting blacks from bearing arms. States such as New York, Connecticut, and New Hampshire followed suit.1663: The first documented slave rebellion takes place in Gloucester County, Va.1663: The state of Maryland legalizes enslavement.1663: Charles II gives North Carolina and South Carolina to slave proprietors. 1664: Enslavement is legalized in New York and New Jersey.1664: Maryland becomes the first colony to make marriage between white women and black men illegal.1664: Maryland passes a law making lifelong servitude for black slaves legal. Colonies such as New York, New Jersey, the Carolinas, and Virginia pass similar laws.1666: Maryland enacts a fugitive slave law.1667: Virginia passes a law stating that a Christian baptism will not change a persons status as a slave.1668: New Jersey passes a fugitive slave law.1670: Free Africans and Native Americans are prohibited from owning white Christian servants by Virginia law.1674: New York lawmakers declare that enslaved African-Americans who convert to Christianity will not be freed.1676: Slaves, as well as black and white indentured servants, participate in Bacons Rebellion.1680: Virginia passes laws prohibiting blacksfreed or enslavedfrom bearing arms and congregating in large numbers. The law also enforces stiff punishments for slaves who t ry to escape or attack white Christians. 1682: Virginia passes a law announcing that all imported Africans will be slaves for life.1684: New York prohibits slaves from selling goods.1688: Pennsylvania Quakers establish the first antislavery resolution.1691: Virginia creates its first anti-miscegenation law, prohibiting marriage between whites and blacks as well as whites and Native Americans.1691: Virginia declares it illegal to free slaves within its borders. As a result, freed slaves must leave the colony.1691: South Carolina establishes its first set of slave codes.1694: Importation of Africans increases tremendously into the Carolinas after rice cultivation is developed.1696: Royal African Trade Company loses its monopoly. New England colonists enter into the slave trade.

Develop a social networking strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Develop a social networking strategy - Essay Example Social media marketing is the promotional activity through which the business targets the prospect or potential customers via various social media sites in order, to increase the sales, enhance the brand loyalty and accomplish the business goals. It is very different from the traditional marketing, where promotion is highly dependent on the high-traffic Media, such as print and television. Unlike traditional means marketing through social media sites does not requires any paid placement that are charged to the business, but requires the marketer to devise methods in which information can be presented, so that the target audiences can assign value to the offerings. A social media marketing plan can take various forms like creating page of Facebook, developing a blog that focuses on issues related to the business segment in which the organization is dealing, new tools like Foursquare and reward on returning to visit the store through virtual badges (Powell, Groves & Dimos, 2011). This study focuses on the social media as a marketing tool for Book Bunker. Figure 1 Source: (Roberts, 2002) Figure 2 Source: (Roberts, 2002) Social Media Social media includes online tools that allow people with similar interest to share information and learn from each other or network over an open process. The information that is found on these sites are referred to as user generated content, which signifies that any individual can post their comments or suggestion on these sites with almost no or minimal restriction. This type of user-supplied content can vary over a wide range starting from bookmarked links to written posts, photos, original music and videos. It can be unstructured as well, such as family photos on Facebook or in a very formal and detailed structure such as article on Wikipedia. A partial list of structures that are available for a social media site includes combination of blogs, forums, micro-blogs, video-sharing, photo-sharing, customer reviews, online publishing, social and professional networking, or any other traditional website that accepts post from online communities. The media has become a significant element in driving the page visits and views and some sort of social media feature is always available on web (Wankel, 2011). It should be noted that the veracity of the contents that are posted on the social media outlets are not scrutinized. This may acts as one of the defining characteristics. This in turn also signifies a broad spectrum of mankind. It can be dull or insightful, biased or balanced, too revealing or guarded and most significantly outrageously libelous and verifiably true. False or accurate, anything can be posted on the websites or any other online sources with either a malicious intention or with the best intention. This makes it important for the readers or the users of these contents to scrutinize the validity and importance of the material that they read (Zarrella, 2010; Newson, Houghton & Patten, 2009; Al-Deen & He ndricks, 2012). Utilization of social media There are huge variations of websites and social media applications, which makes it impossible to list

There is no set topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

There is no set topic - Essay Example It is in this third letter that he strove to enlighten the public in his influence during the 18th century of how his humble career as a farmer created for him a paradigm shift that significantly changed his overall perspective of Europe with a renewed heart toward America and the naturalized citizenship which it endowed him without much exertion. The words in ‘What is an American?’ may be noted for both its simple and complex constructions which occur to liberate a tone of replenishing spirit after pertinent details had been brought across by critical yet sensible mode of reasoning. Instead of getting the reader to anticipate a more straightforward answer at its opening, the author seemed to have diverted the audience to a historically inclined creative introduction. Crevecoeur opted for the presence of an Englishman in the beginning to witness how the land of America, in which several Caucasians melted, alleviates a man to a level of acquiring both identity and prosper ity which he was deprived of while dwelling in the nation of his origins where social classes make a huge matter of concern.

Adas Muteness and Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Adas Muteness and Voice - Essay Example This is the kind of social situation that is described in opening pages of The Piano as the main character Ada describes her preparations to leave her home and cross the sea to New Zealand where she will meet the husband that her father has just married her to without having consulted her at all. This introduction makes an instant connection between her muteness in voice and her muteness in her society and even in her own life. Throughout the story, Ada is trapped in a man’s world, even when she goes as far away as New Zealand and its untamed frontier which is where most of the story takes place. However, in the character of Ada, Jane Campion shows how a woman without a voice made herself heard even to those who wouldn’t listen, demonstrating how a voice could be used as a tool of power in an otherwise powerless world. It is helpful to gain a bit of historical understanding regarding the female voice in order to fully appreciate the significance of Ada’s silence and returning voice by the end of the story. Anne Carson provides a strong analysis of how concepts regarding the woman’s voice evolved out of ancient history. According to Carson, women expressed the moments of extreme joy, grief, fear and hope within the regular and climactic moments of life through the sound of the ololyga: â€Å"a high-pitched piercing cry uttered at certain climactic moments in ritual practice †¦ or at climactic moments in real life †¦ and also a common feature of women’s festivals† (Carson, 1995: 125). Because the noise could be irritating to those not actively engaged in the celebration, these rituals were usually held outside of the range of hearing of the men and the city. Over time, this had the tendency to reinforce ideas of women as savage mysterious outsiders. Their religio us rites were often female only, they made strange sounds while practicing and they practiced outside of the city limits, making them seem like wild animals in the wilderness.   Meanwhile, the proper role of the man was to disconnect from his emotions enough to control the escape of unintended, uncontrolled sounds.  

Volunteering In Sports Social Work Essay

Volunteering In Sports Social Work Essay This literature review focuses on sports volunteering as part of an investigation into the successfulness of leadership academies. By critically examining existing research and related literature, this review aims to draw up key issues and identify gaps in the current volunteering system. The scope of the searches for relevant literature was restricted to material dated from 1990 onwards, with to enable the literature review to concentrate on the most recent information. Literature was sourced through databases and websites linked to volunteering, sport, active citizenship and leadership. As such, this literature review draws on a variety of subjects which will be identified throughout the review. This paper reviews key literature, focusing on the need for continued involvement in leadership and volunteer opportunities within the school and community context. Introduction It is a cherished belief within physical activity and sport communities that participation in leadership and volunteering has the potential to offer young people a range of physical, psychological and social benefits, whilst also as a provider of sporting opportunities and in the development of sport, from increasing participation through to supporting excellence and elite performance. More recently in the UK, this belief has become prominent in government policies, are seeking to engage young people in order to inspire individuals and even though the London 2012 Olympic Games is 3 years away strong planning for volunteering is being put in place as the aspect of major events that has the potential to contribute to social regeneration and the strengthening of social capital. The phrase volunteering is the lifeblood of English sport is often used in todays sporting society. With it being well recognised that volunteers provide the core support for sport in the United Kingdom and without the 2 million adult volunteers who contribute at least one hour a week to volunteering in sport, community sport would simply grind to a halt (Sports Council, 1996). The research, commissioned by Sport England (2003) and carried out by the Leisure Industries Research Centre, provided the hard evidence to support this contention. It demonstrates the breadth and depth of support given by people across the country, who provide their time and rarely look for any reward beyond the personal satisfaction they get from the opportunities they provide for others to participate and achieve in sport. Volunteers also play an incredible role in staging some of Englands most prestigious sporting events. Volunteering in the UK has a long and established history (Ockenden, 2007) and withou t its volunteer workforce, events simply wouldnt happen. Such reliance on volunteers in UK sport lead to the production of the government strategy, A Sporting Future for All. The policy has a major focus on ensures that volunteers get adequate training, support and strategic management (DCMS, 2000). Defining volunteering As suggested by Cluskey, et al (2006) defining volunteering is something that on the surface appears to be relatively simple, but in reality it is actually quite complex. Many researchers have stated that the term volunteering is vague, covering different activities and participation at all levels of society, with volunteering traditions being affected by cultural and political contexts (Salamon Anheier, 1997; Lukka Ellis, 2002; United Nations, 2001). Although the word volunteer may seem to have a common shared meaning, there is not universal consensus about the meaning of the term. It should be highlighted that there is no single meaning of volunteering or of a what volunteer is (Volunteering England, 2008). Davis Smith (2000) and Nichols (2004) highlight four characteristics of volunteering within a UK context: That it should be undertaken for no financial gain That it should be undertaken in an environment of genuine freewill That there are identifiable beneficiaries or a beneficiary That there can be formal and informal types Current context for sports volunteering in the UK The voluntary sector plays a central role in sports development and the provision of sporting opportunities in the UK. Volunteers are key in the organisation of UK sport and the sector also provides a major economic contribution to the total value added of the industry (Shibli et al, 1999; Gratton and Taylor,2000). Volunteering in the UK has a long and established history (Ockenden, 2007) and the valuable contribution volunteers make to society is increasingly being recognised. All levels of government are becoming more and more keen to raise active citizenship, and volunteering is promoted as one of the best examples of how individuals can make a meaningful contribution to civil society with volunteering seen as an important expression of citizenship and fundamental to democracy (EFSD, 2007). There has been two main research documents both commissioned by Sport England, which look into sports volunteering in England. The latest Active People Survey (2006) showed that over 2.7 million people put some voluntary time into sport (at least one hour a week volunteering to sport). The Sports Volunteering in England (2002) found numerous results some of the headline information from this research is below: There are 5,821,400 sport volunteers in England. This represents 14% of the adult population. 26% of all volunteers cite sport as their main area of interest. That makes the sport sector the single biggest contribution to total volunteering in England. Sport volunteers contribute one billion hours each year to sport equivalent to 720,000 paid workers. These results have seen a massive change as results from five years previous in the 1997 National Survey of Volunteering (Davis Smith, 1998) indicated a sharp reduction in levels of participation by young people. Volunteering by those aged 16 to 24 was down from 55% in 1991 to 43% in 1997, reversing the trend towards higher rates of volunteering in the previous decade (Lynn and Davis Smith, 1991). Government change over time Eley and Kirk (2002) identified during the 1990s there became a recognition of the benefits of volunteering which led to greater interest in volunteer activity among young people and the political parties developed strategies to help attract and encourage more young volunteers. The government has now identified engaging people in voluntary work as a key way to reaching out to those most at risk from social exclusion. This was linked with New Labour coming to power in 1997, as numerous initiatives recognised and supported volunteering were established: Millennium Volunteers an England wide scheme that aimed to increase volunteering for people aged 16 to 24 year olds. Now been re-branded as the vinvolved programme, currently funding voluntary organisations and encouraging young people to get involved in volunteering. The Year of the Volunteer 2005 a  £10 million campaign funded by the Home Office and aimed at raising the awareness of volunteering, increasing opportunities for people to become involved whilst also encouraging more individuals to volunteer Although these programmes are generic volunteer programmes they include projects that take place within sport. A Sporting Future for All (DCMS, 2000) and Game Plan (DCMS, 2002) ensured that volunteering in sport appeared on the strategic agenda. Sport England was made responsible for raising the profile of and promoting volunteering within sport. Given the role assigned to sport in achieving new Labours social inclusion and active citizenship agendas (PAT 10 Report, DCMS, 1999), numerous nationally driven initiatives that promote volunteering in a specifically sporting context have appeared. As stated by Volleyball England (2004) over the past few years leadership for young people within sport has become a hot topic on the Governments agenda leading to specifically targeted policies. The Physical Education and School Sport and Club Links (PESSYP) strategy which came into place in 2003, consisted of 8 strands which covered an array of areas aiming to enhance the take-up of sporting opportunities for pupils five to sixteen year olds. Step into Sport was one of the eight strands which focused on developing leadership. Now, the new PESSYP Strategy which shows the Governments continued interests in improving school PE, added 2 extra strands to the policy with Volunteering and Leadership having its own priority. Current Sport England programmes: Recruit into Coaching is part of the wider PE and Sport Strategy for Young People (PESSYP) coaching strand. Recruit into Coaching focuses on the 70 most deprived areas of England as identified through the highest ranked local authorities. It is flexible in terms of the sports it includes as its based very much on local need. Which meets to the view of Rochester (2006) of using volunteering for civic renewal and social inclusion. The Young Ambassador Programme was born and initiated in the summer of 2006 as a direct response to the promise that London would use the power of the Olympic and Paralympic Games to inspire millions of young people to choose sport. London 2012 Olympics volunteering The London 2012 games will depend on up to 70,000 volunteers to make sure they run smoothly and successfully. This has lead to the creation of a number of volunteer schemes, which are aiming to allow for the volunteer spirit spreading wider than the Games themselves by encouraging everyone to give their time to help others. The Young Leaders Programme, supported by BP,  is one of the volunteer scheme which is designed to give a group of disadvantaged young people the chance to make positive change to their lives by using the summer games as a catalyst. Rochester (2006) suggests that within the UK, two broad policy streams encourage voluntary activity within sport and other contexts. These consist of, civil renewal and social inclusion. The aspect of civil renewal is aimed at targeting the increasing amount of people who are becoming disengaged from public life. Disengagement is regarded by the government as posing a threat to democracy and having a harmful impact on community cohesion, with individuals progressively losing their sense of common purpose and belonging within the society (Jochum et al., 2005). Social inclusion has also become a hot topic for new Labour. The formation of the Social Exclusion Task Force, which was established in 2006 shows the commitment creating inclusive communities. It has been identified that participating in voluntary work as a way to reach out to people at risk of social exclusion and promoting correlative social inclusion (Social Exclusion Task Force, 2009). Champion Coaching was the first nationwide scheme created to help the support volunteers. Motives for volunteering Whilst evidence shows that there is widespread commitment to increase numbers and strengthen the volunteer base, a clear picture of what we know about young volunteers does not exist. Gaskin (1998) created the most detailed and comprehensive information on young peoples attitudes and what they want from participation in volunteer activity. It established that the personal benefits gained by young people through volunteer and community service in sporting (Hellison, 1993) and general contexts (Pancer Pratt, 1999) which include an increase in confidence, personal development and pro-social identity. Many researchers have identified that people volunteer for a variety of reasons, both egoistic and altruistic, and the motivation for engaging in volunteer activity can vary greatly from person to person and over time for one person and many volunteers commonly cite multiple reasons for their involvement (Clary et al., 1998; Clary Snyder, 1999, 2000; Farmer Fedor, 1999; Wardell et al., 2000; Coleman, 2002; Taylor et al., 2003). Different age groups may also change their motives for volunteering, with younger groups regarding volunteering as a way of using and expanding their leadership skills, learning new skills and helping them with their future career prospects (Davis-Smith, 1998; Eley Kirk, 2002; Coalter, 2004; Kay Bradbury, 2009) while older volunteers more commonly mention a desire to fill up spare time and cite involvement in volunteering as part of their philosophy of life (Doherty Carron, 2003; Low et al., 2007). The contribution of young sport leaders takes an added si gnificance because their leadership training in sport not only contributes to their own personal skills development but they also use those skills through volunteering to provide greater sport opportunities for other young people to participate in sport (Elay and Kirk, 2002). Perhaps one of the most widely adopted theoretical approaches to understand volunteer motives is that of Clary and Snyder (1991) citied in Cluskeley, et al (2006) who argued that people act to satisfy socio-psychological goals and although individuals may be involved in similar voluntary activities, their goals can vary widely. Their perspective identified four key distinct functions which categorise the motives behind an individuals involvement; Expression of value acting on the belief of the importance to help other Understanding and knowledge need to understand others Social engage in meeting others through volunteering Ego defensive or protective relieve negative feeling through service to others Issues faced by volunteers Volunteers are under increasing pressures in their roles, as indicated by Sport England studies (Taylor et al, 2003; Nichols et al, 2003; Gratton et al, 1996; Nichols, Shibli and Taylor, 1998). These include societal pressures such as the constraints of time imposed by the paid workplace and family commitments and some which are institutional: for example, heavier obligations as a result of legislation (e.g. health and safety, child protection) and greater demands from NGBs and Sport England (e.g. funding requirements, equal opportunities policies, accreditation schemes). Findings published in Gaskins (1998) Vanishing Volunteers created the message that volunteering has a poor image among young people. Although they generally approve of volunteering as beneficial to society and to individuals, its appeal to them is limited. An examination by the National Centre for Volunteering of the barriers to volunteering in 1995, for example, identified five obstacles for young people: lack of awareness of the benefits of volunteering, and negative images of voluntary work as boring, badly organised, the preserve of white, middle-aged, middleclass females, and expensive and time consuming (Niyazi, 1995). This view was also highlighted in the Millennium Volunteers scheme which concluded that for the programme to be successful it would need not only to raise the profile of volunteering but also to carry images of volunteering which are relevant and meaningful to young people (DfEE, 1998). OLYMPIC VOLUNTEERING CHANGING THE IMAGE Promoting active citizenship The British government has been concerned with increasing citizenship and a sense of community spirit in young people for a number of years. In June 1998 the government published a policy framework for a scheme called the Millennium Volunteers. This programme created by the Department for Education and Skills was the one of the first to incorporate aims focused around increasing citizenship and rebuilding a sense of community among young people. Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister at the time expressed his concern about the need to support and recognise community involvement in order to bring about a giving age (Heath, 2000). The government is attempting to increase public engagement in civic institutions and society and respond to societal breakdown by promoting active citizenship and public participation as the responsibility of every individual. The governments commitment to such policies can be seen by the promotion of volunteering in schools through the introduction of citizenship as a subject in the national curriculum, extra support made available for employee volunteering, the creation of institutions that promote citizenship and, new funding initiatives and policy proposals that link citizenship to volunteering (NCVO, 2009). This change to the national curriculum links closely to the view of Elay and Kirk (2002) who identified the benefits of volunteering are also evident from an educational perspective because it is central to the issue of how young people should be taught about their rights and responsibilities to the community. Conclusion This literature review has been able to identify that sport has had a long history on heavily relying on volunteers. It remains one of the most popular fields for engagement for volunteers, with between 13% and 26% of all voluntary work in the UK taking place in a sporting context. Although sport is so reliant on its volunteers it has only started to receive recognition and support from the government or the broader volunteering infrastructure in recent years. The significant difference now however is the substantial funding which is being invested into school leadership programmes designed at creating lifelong volunteers. Volunteering may well be a catalyst for changing communities with excluded individuals, but there is no guarantee that this will always occur and it isnt backed up with enough solid information to create a solid case. Although volunteering does have a vast array of people involved the message from young people is that it needs a make-over to gain further participants. By improving its image, broadening its access and provide what todays and tomorrows young people need. Volunteering suffers from outdated associations with worthy philanthropy and conjures up images that do not appeal to the young. However, it is recognised as potentially offering opportunities to young people that are scarcely available anywhere else. The research suggests that there is a vast pool of young people who could benefit from voluntary work, if certain conditions are met. (Gaskin, 1998)

The rise of the labour party :: essays research papers

The rise o the labour party was due to many factors.Factors such as the movement of people from the countryside to cities which changed the economic structure of britain and also changed the social structure and this led to the need for political change. The need for political change to help the working class people who were living in poverty which had been highlighted by booth and rownatree who surveyed LOndon an york two of englands major cities .Better education led to the realisation that the two existing political parties were not suitable for the working class' needs .All were factors which conrtibuted to the rise of the labour party . The british goverment was run mainly by rich aristocrats because working class people could not afford to become MPs but in 1911 they introdiced payment for MPs which let the working class represent themselves in their constituencies in parliament either the liberal or conservative parties .Although this had happened the rich aristocracy still believed that they knew best when dealing with the poor even though they did nothing to help the poor .This attitude was based partly on the principle of laissez fair which meant little help was given to the poor and the little help that was given was harsh like the poor houses .These factors needed to be changed and the only way was through political change this also lead to the rise of the labour party . Another reason for the rise of the labour party was the failure of the 1832 act which granted the vote to small buisiness men , financiers and entreprenuers of the industrial revolution but ignored the organised sections of working class.Although the 1832 act failed to grant working class people the vote the 1867 , 1872 and 1884 acts gave the vote to more working class people , although this had happened the new voters did not have a party to represent them .These problems also helped the rise of the labour party through the necessity of of a party to represent the working class . The skilled working class organised themselves into model unions which protected their members intrests this showed that through organisation the rich could be forced the relive some of the bad conditions .The growth of the new unions and also their sucess like the match girls and dockers showed that even the poorest working class people could win against the upper class and this ledd to the potential of the same being acheived on political terms .

Not to Wear Fur

Talal talal lawand 20070313 Case study Q. 1 Describe the structural problems HP had. The structural problems at HP begin with the chain of command where there is no specific one, if there is a problem the employee needs to know how to resolve it; if he didn’t find a supervisor or a manager to solve his problem, he will not get the result that he want and the problem will still be stock so the chain of command is the first structural problem.The second structural problem is Management layers where sales person are too busy handling the management issue instead of doing their job and selling the product to customer (33% of their time with customer and the they are solving management issues). The third and structural problem is the most important one, which is the decision making problem, the decision making job in HP must come from top managers that’s mean that it must go thru all the chain of command, and with big and important problem that can’t wait for the deci sion to get from the top, the company will be in too much problem, the decision making at HP must be decentralized.Q. 2 How did Mark Hurd decide to address his company’s structural problems? What do you think of his changes? How about the company’s executives and sales force? Mark Hurd decided to begin solving all the problems by analyzing which one is most crucial for them and should be solved first. The results were good at the time because he analyzed the problem carefully and chose the right solutions for it. When the relationship between the customer and the company become stronger with time and the customer will become loyal to this company.With a decentralized and faster decision making and less layers of management the work and solving problems will become easier for employees which will help them to perfectionist their job. Q. 3 Would a more mechanistic or a more organic organization be appropriate for HP? Why? First an organic structure have a decentralized d ecision making policy, in which the decision will be faster with a quicker response, and that will make the customer more happy if his problems are solved quickly and easily, with no rules or regulations were the decision is taken according to the situation.If they used the mechanistic structure the employee must abide the company rules and regulations in which there will be a centralize decision making policy, the decision will come from the top management and that will slow him up and the customer will be unsatisfied and unhappy with the company performance. Decentralized approach save managers time that he can consume in doing a manager job like putting goals, and strategic strategies.At the end the organic structure will work better for all the parties the manager, employees, and the most important part of an organization the customers. Q. 4: What role do you think organizational structure plays in an organization’s effectiveness? Explain. Organizational structure plays a very important role in the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency. Because when the organization have clear and strong structure means everyone know very well what he has to do, what authority he have, to whom he is answerable and what is his or her importance within the organization.When an organization don’t have a clear structure, were no one will know what his job is, how to do his job, who reports to whom, and from where the decision will be made. All organization members from top to bottom will have difficulties and problems doing their job in the right way, and that will increase the company performance, profit and customers. When your decision is taken quickly and in time, the organization efficiency will increase. And all employees and customers will be happy.

Dark Matter essays

Dark Matter essays Two people have been credited for determining the need for dark matter. The first was astronomer Jan Oort, who back in 1932 measured the perpendicular motions of nearby stars relative to the disk of our galaxy. By studying the gravitational influence of the disk on these stars he was able to calculate the mass of the disk. The value he determined was twice as much as that inferred by the visible stars and nebulae in that region. A year later in 1933 astronomer Fritz Zwicky estimated the mass of a group of galaxies by measuring their brightness. When Zwicky used a different method of calculating the mass of the cluster he found it to be 400 times the value from directly inferring the mass from the brightness of the cluster. In both cases Oort and Zxwicky came to the conclusion that the visible galaxies only accounted for 10% of the mass needed to keep them gravitationally in the cluster. Based on 70 years of accumulated observations of the motions of galaxies and the expansion of the universe, most astronomers believe that as much as 90% of the stuff constituting the universe may be objects or particles that cannot be seen. In other words, most of the universes matter does not radiate it provides no glow that we can detect in the electromagnetic spectrum. Now in the 21st century, Zwicky and Oorts theories have been further enhanced. We have already observed in clusters of galaxies that the motion of galaxies within a cluster suggests that they are bound by a total gravitational force due to about 5-10 times as much matter as can be accounted for from luminous matter in said galaxies. But it is also theorized that within an individual galaxy, you can measure the rate of rotation of the stars about the galactic center of rotation. The resultant rotation curve is simply related to the distribution of matter in the galaxy. The outer stars in the galaxies seem to rotate too fast fo...

Unnecessary Sacrifice Essays - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Unnecessary Sacrifice Essays - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays Unnecessary Sacrifice Just as we wonder how past civilizations could be so barbaric as to practice sacrifice, future generations may wonder how our society could be so barbaric as to sacrifice even the unborn. Thus abortion should not be made legal. Because it is not determined when the fetus inside the mothers womb becomes an actual human being, it cannot be determined when abortion actually becomes murder. Until it can be determined when the fetus becomes an infant it should be considered murder at any point during pregnancy termination. Why do the largest percentage of abortions occur? Because childern are irresponsible. Stupid, little, baby, girls start fooling around and OOPS... they end up pregnant. Of course they are not ready for the responsibility of caring for a child or they just do not want that responsibility. In a lake near a university unborn baby remains were found. Girls attending the university who have had abortions dumped the fetus remnants in the lake. Murder is against the law. Lack of responsibility is becoming a growing problem in America. What will future civilizations think when they find baby remains? Abortion is a barbaric practice in which lives are taken, therefore abortion should not be made legal.

Thoughts about Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thoughts about Facebook - Essay Example This is evidenced by how students use Facebook to learn more about an area that is unique to them. The main attraction of young generation to Facebook is its ability to sell out individuals photos to the world (Dowens 1). With Facebook, people including old persons post their pictures on their respective profiles enhancing identity. Currently, communication is very easy. This is as a result of introduction of Facebook. This is evidenced by the diverse number of groups created and posted on Facebook. Communication to colleagues as well as specific persons in life is possible via Facebook. Additionally, Facebook enhances awareness through providing updates regarding nations and eminent people in the world (Dowens 1). It is the one that has enhanced many politicians such as President Obama to secure their jobs; it is used as a campaign platform. There are also some bad things about Facebook. For instance, it is evident that there is too much noise in Facebook. This is evidenced by occasional and useless notifications from unknown persons. The acceptance of notifications as well as new friends result to problems such as people unknown to you chat and comment carelessly on your posts. With Facebook privacy is jeopardized. Facebook provides lots of information about its users. Privacy has been worsened by businesses and institutions that seek popularity through this network system (Dowens 1). It is also evident that most people are attacked because of the information they have provided in the network. It is also evident that there are some dirty minds that take part in Facebook. This is evidenced by dirty pictures as well as posts posted on the site. Most of the parents might not find it interesting to see their children getting exposed to inappropriate pictures in the site. Some rumors spread via Facebook can be heartbreaking in addition to long lasting. For

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Literature Review - Essay Example rsing staff, doctors and others health workers like physiotherapists and respiratory therapists, and providing high-quality care to the sickest patients. Along with these, meeting the needs of the staff members who work in a very stressful environment is also an important challenge. To provide high quality care in ICU, there is a need for interplay of high technology and high acuity in such a setting. Each year, more than 4 million US patients receive critical care and this costs more than $180 billion annually (ECRI Institute, 2007). 10 % of the in-patient beds are occupied by intensive care patients. 30% of acute care hospital costs accounts for intensive care. 8% of the hospital beds are occupied by those who need critical care (Society of Critical Care medicine Survey, 1991 and 1993; qtd in Brilli, Spevetz, & Branson, et al, 2001). Treatment in critical care is extremely expensive. It accounts for 20% of all hospital costs and 1% of the GDP (Luce & Rubenfeld, 2002). The reason why intensive care treatment is highly costly is that ICU is a resource- intense environment which requires skilled staff, costly and new drugs and expensive technology (Kahn & Angus, 2006). Most of the Americans are covered by a health insurance plan either through the companies they work for or through the employment of their spouse or parents. According to the Current Population Survey, 2004 (ASPE, 2005), 59.8% of the population are covered by employers and only 9% purchase insurance directly. Another important source of insurance is Government. Medicare is the largest public coverage program and covers 14% of the population. About 84% of the beneficiaries of Medicare are those above 65 years of age. Another insurance program is the Medicaid which covers 12.9% of the population. The population which is covered by this program constitutes mainly the children, pregnant women, elderly, and disabled people. Military/veterans coverage of insurance is also provided by the Government and

Copyright Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Copyright - Research Paper Example This is usually for a short period, with the aim of allowing the inventor to get reimbursement for their unique work. Inventors are individual like an author of a book, music artist, software designer, video producer, among others. Moreover, copyright is a technique of intelligent assets used to any expressed illustration of imaginative work. It is frequently shared between numerous authors, who individually hold a set of authorizations to license or practice the work. This individual is known as rights holders. These authorizations often comprise of distribution, control over derivative work, public performance, ethical sanctions such as attribution and lastly reproduction. Copyright violation or infringement has had a substantial effect on the global economy. This is the illegal use of works that are governed by a copyright statute, violating certain exclusive privileges given to the rights holder. Furthermore, for work to be considered as infringing copyright, its usage must have befallen in a state that has local copyright rules or obeys a joint tragedy or recognized global agreements. Inappropriate usage of materials outside the law is not considered as copyright infringement rather it is considered as unauthorized edition (Cockburn, 2005). The violation of copyrights frequently happens with music, film and software. Nevertheless, copyright infringement on books and other writing are normal, particularly for scholastic reasons. However, statistics concerning the impacts of copyright infringement are hard to find out. Millions of jobs and billions of dollars are lost each and every year to copyright violation. Research has tried to find out whether businesses affected by the infringement of copyrights are prone to financial loss by forecasting what quota of pirated share would have been acquired legally if it were not easily available.

The programs that run on the hardware Essay Example for Free

The programs that run on the hardware Essay Presentation software The main use of this software is to animated visual presentations. Examples of use include:   presentations for meetings   computer-based help systems Graphics software There are two types of graphics packages. Bitmap graphics software stores images as lots of coloured dots, known as pixels. Vector based graphics software stores images as rules, covering the dimensions, direction, and colour of the drawn object. Function Explanation/description drawing tools pre-defined shapes ability to scale, stretch, and crop images ability to rotate images ability to flip images paint palettezoom/magnify ability to fill Computer aided design (CAD) software The main use of this software is to design three dimensional objects. HTML editing software The main use of this software is to create web-pages. Communications software There are two types of communications software. Electronic mail, used to send and receive messages. Web-browser software to view web pages on the Internet. Integrated software A software package that combines the functions of two or more distinct generic applications. Specific software Software designed to carry out a single task for users. System software Software that manages and controls the computer and all its peripherals. Operating system software A layer of software that enables a user to control the hardware, and application programs to run on the computer. Utility software Software used to carry out routine tasks often needed by the user to maintain the performance of the computer. Hardware Hardware is the name given to any part of the computer that you can actually touch. A device is an individual piece of hardware. Examples include:   keyboard   visual display unit (VDU) or monitor   floppy disk drive Describing hardware Technical specification. This is a list of its properties. It usually refers to the performance and/or capacity of the device. Performance This is a way of describing how well a device in a computer system does its job. This often refers to the speed at which it works. Capacity This is the amount of data that can be stored. Processor The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of the computer where the searching and sorting of data, calculating and decision-making goes on. Also known as the processor. Choosing a processor Processors are measured by their speed. The number of instructions it can perform in 1 second. This is measured in hertz (Hz). 1 hertz = 1 instruction per second 1 KHz = 1,000 instructions per sec 1 MHz = 1,000,000 instructions per sec 1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 instructions per sec Input devices Input devices are used to enter commands or information into a computer. Examples of input devices include:   keyboard   mouse   scanner   microphone   trackball   joystick/ joypad   graphics tablet digital camera/ web-camera Output devices Output devices are used by the computer to communicate information to human users or to affect a change in a physical environment. Examples of output devices include: VDU/monitor   printer   speakers Types of VDUs/monitors cathode ray tube (CRT) liquid crystal display (LCD) less expensive to buy more expensive to buy better quality image lower quality image can be easily viewed from an angle can only be properly viewed from one angle requires more power requires less power gives off lots of heat gives off less heat takes up a lot of space takes up less space more likely to cause eye strain less likely to cause eye strain Choosing VDUs/monitors Type cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) (thin-film transistor [TFT]) Colour. Monochrome, or grey-scale, or colour Resolution measured in pixels; 640 X 480 (VGA), 800 X 600 (SVGA), 1024 X 768 (XVGA or XGA) Size diagonal distance, from one corner to another (inches) Types of printers inkjet laser less expensive to buy more expensive to buy more expensive to run less expensive to run relatively slow speed printing relatively fast speed printing Choosing printers Speed characters per second (cps) or pages per minute (ppm) Quality dots per inch (dpi) Colour monochrome, or colour Data storage devices Storage devices are used to store the programs and data needed by the computer. The two main categories of storage devices are main memory and backing storage. Main memory RAM random access memory RAM is used by the computer to store the programs and data that are being used at a given time. RAM is volatile which means that when the computer is turned off all its contents are wiped clean. Choosing RAM RAM is measured by its capacity; the amount of data that it can store when the computer is switched on. All computers ultimately store data as 1s and 0s (this number system is known as binary). A single unit (either 1 or 0) is called a bit. 8 bits = 1 byte 1,000 bytes = 1 KB 1,000 KB = 1 MB 1,000 MB = 1 GB Backing storage Backing storage is used to store programs and data when they are not being used or when the computer is switched off. Backing storage is non-volatile which means that when the computer is turned off none of its contents are lost. backing storage device used to read and write data onto storage media. backing storage media the collective name given to the disks and tapes used to store data. Choosing backing storage The first decision is between fixed media or removable media. Backing storage media can be measured by its capacity; bytes, or kilobytes (KB), or megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB). Backing storage can also be judged by the data transfer speed of the backing storage device to the backing storage media. This is measured in; bytes per second (Bps), or kilobytes per second (KBps), megabytes per second (MBps). Audio CDs read at 150KBps 8X, 16X, 24X, 48X, 52X. The final way that backing storage can be differentiated is whether it is: * read only memory (ROM), or * recordable (R)/ write once read many (WORM), or * read and write (RW). Types of portable backing storage * floppy disk drive (FDD) * compact disk (CD) drive * Zip drive * digital versatile disk (DVD) drive * flash stick Computers and peripherals Desktop computer An entire computer that sits on a desk or a table. Laptop computer A personal computer that can be simply carried around by one person and used in transit from internal battery power. Peripherals Standard (expected) Additional (extra) hard disk drive (HDD) printer floppy disk drive (FDD) scanner VDU/monitor microphone keyboard web-cam mouse (pointing device) joystick CD drive (ROM/R/RW) DVD drive (ROM/R/RW) speakers Zip drive Social Impact In the home In business P:\ICT\KS4\Yr09\Yr09Revision. 0304. doc HBDugard Page 1 of 10 Last printed 28/05/2004 14:09

Im Going to College Essay -- College Admissions Essays

I'm Going to College Neither my grandmother, nor any of my great aunts, went on to college.   It was too expensive for their family.   My great Aunt Nancy, however, did try to take night classes at the University Extension, which was held at her high school.   Unfortunately, she was unable to continue paying for these classes, so she left the University Extension program with only twelve credits earned. Aunt Nancy just continued to work at the job she acquired, right out of high school, and work her way up through the ranks at this job.   There was no push by her parents to continue her education, and therefore, there was no pressure on her to attend college.   Aunt Nancy had once told me, "There is great value in a college education, for career purpose.   It is so necessary now, where as years ago it was not as essential."   She also explained to me that college can help to build better social skills, which will be used in everyday life.   Now that Aunt Nancy is retired, she reads a lot.   When she was younger, her mother only took her to the city library three times a year to get books to read.   So, as a child she did not read as much as she reads now.   While in school, she only preformed the necessary reading and writing that was required.   Now, she reads the newspaper, books, or a magazine almost everyday.   My mother, on the other hand, did attend college.   Actually, she has attended college twice now.   The first time she went, she gained a degree as a Medical Laboratory Technician.   Later in life, she went back to college and attained her accounting degree.   My mother decided that she was not happy as a Medical Technician, so she wanted to go back to school to learn of what fields would interest her... ...of reading to your children.   He explained that as long as you read to your child, or as long as they are reading to themselves, it would increase your child's comprehension skills.   At this point in time, I no longer enjoyed having my mother read to me, but I was reading books to myself so I was still learning and establishing the proper skills gained through reading and writing. Books and an education seem to be important to everyone, no matter how old or young.   I have learned many things both in school and just by reading.   Obviously, books and schooling can have the same effect on others.   College is a time to grow, both intellectually and socially.   I strongly encourage future generations to attend college and get a good education throughout life.   It will prove to be extremely beneficial, and you will learn a lot about yourself in the process.

College: Worth It or Not Essay

â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money† by Caroline Bird suggests that a college education is forced upon those who attend. As a student you shouldn’t lack the enthusiasm or motivation or it won’t be what you thought it would be. Bird states that those who think that going to college is a way to prepare for your future job are wrong, for there are students who are successful because of their family background. Bird makes valid points in her essay, but it isn’t all true to say that college wastes a student’s money and time and showing that going to college can benefit you in the end by giving you a well-paid job and having knowledge of new skills. Throughout high-school, students are taught that college is a great route to take. Bird states, â€Å"This is the way it used to be with women, and just as a society had systematically damaged women by insisting that their proper place was in the home, so we may be systematically damaging 18 yr-olds by insisting that their proper place is in college† (p.9). They even have classes now that prepare you for that next big step, like taking AVID classes. AVID is a college readiness system for elementary through high school. AP classes are also available to students in high school. AP stands for advanced placement classes, which have a curriculum that you get when in college. Many may say that it is not worth taking classes like that, but also some may say that it is beneficial even if you don’t go to college or not. It has become â€Å"The thing to do’ says Bird. Going to college has now become something like a popularity contest, where you attend because everyone else is and your parents think it is right. Parents go along with it, not â€Å"thinking of the â€Å"higher† good at all. They send their children to college because they are convinced young people benefit financially from those four years of higher education† (p. 24). Parents are only thinking of the money that will come from spending money on that education. My parents in are complete opposites of all that. They encouraged me to go college so I can better myself as a person. I will be the first, also, to go to college to get my degree in a profession. Students also feel like ‘they are not needed† so they attend college where they can feel like they may become something. Bird argues and tells us that we should force our students to go into college, and according to a study by Leon, 200 of 300 students felt that college education is a waste of money, so forcing them to go may not even work. (p. 18) Bird isn’t in an agreement that college education will help the students to make money in the future: â€Å"if making money is the only goal, college is the dumbest investment you can make† (p. 24). Bird furthers this testimonial by comparing the money that would be spent on education versus money that is put in a bank for interest. Even when the graduates do succeed in having good jobs, there is no evidence that money comes from the college education as college can attract students who have a wealthy family background (p. 31). There are those who just go college to go, but than can take over a family business or something. Then their wealth comes from that. College can open doors to jobs in the areas of teaching, medicine and research though such opportunities are scarce. Bird says that studies show that very often, the work attached to the jobs is totally unrelated to their college education and this is true for architects, nurses, teachers and other professionals (p. 48). So those who go into a profession that is meant to help others, you don’t take what you learned from college into that profession, you learn throughout your working years. This means that college education does not prepare the student for the job market. Bird is convinced that â€Å"college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy or liberal. It’s the other way around. Intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal people are attracted to higher education in the first place† (p. 52). Bird concludes that college education is for students who can afford money and time to read and learn and there must be alternatives provided for youngsters to have a good future. â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money† does give valid points in what Bird was trying to argue. College has become more expensive for a few days of school work that may not even help you in the future and students do have the wrong perception on what college is. But a college education does have its upsides. A college education is a journey that everyone, who has the right attitude about education, should take. College prepares a student for being independent by teaching them learning skills that can be used lifelong. The values you learn, leadership and social skills that you can gain, and the character and attitude of a student is enhanced by going to college.

How can Freud’s Psychodynamic model help me to understand and change my life?

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was the father of psychodynamic therapy. His work built upon what had been done by Brewer before him. One of his patients Anna O labelled his method as being ‘the talking cure'*. During this essay I shall briefly explain Freud's main theories on the human personality and then examine how these can help me to understand and change my life. * An Introduction To Counselling. P80 Freud believed the human psyche is divided into three areas the conscious, preconscious and unconscious*. In the unconscious exists the Id. This is the instinctual life force within us. Two forces are at work within the Id, Eros a drive for love and Thanatos a drive for destruction**. In our day-to-day lives we are unaware of the effects our Id has upon us, Freud argues that hidden forces from the Id govern most of the things we want to do. The Id has no time dimension and memories trapped within it remain emotionally charged***. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P121 ** Teach Yourself Counselling. P121 *** Mastering Psychology. P242 The Ego helps to mediate between the Id and the outside world, known as the ‘reality principle'*. It is the part of ourselves, which enables us to fit into society. It takes on board social norms and lets the Id have its way when it will be practically possible and allowable by society. * Mastering Psychology. P242 From society and our parents we develop the Superego. This provides us with a ‘moral principle'*. It is basically the internalisation of parental and societal rules. The Superego is largely unconscious though we do become aware of certain thing when they move into the preconscious. * Mastering Psychology. P243 Through psychodynamic therapy I discovered that I had repressed many memories. I believe these were being stored in my unconscious. These memories were having a profound effect upon my life although I did not realise this at the time. I went through almost seven years of bullying when I was at school. When I left school and continued with my life I was always aware of this fact but I had lost many of the details over time and could not recall much about it. When I reached twenty years of age I developed clinical depression and had panic attacks. I was forced leave university with only six months left to completion. My home became my sanctuary and for a period of three months I did not leave it. Through many years of differing therapy I have begun to understand more about what happened within my mind to bring me to that point. The memories I had storied in my unconscious, though I was largely unaware of them, were distorting my view of the world. It was â€Å"frightening outside†; I could â€Å"get hurt if I left home†. These were not a realistic feeling about my current circumstances but were a reflection of the fears I had held during the time of my bullying. I was extremely depressed because I felt â€Å"useless†, â€Å"ugly† and that my life was â€Å"pointless†. Again I now feel that these thoughts grew from trapped memories. I had been called many names whilst at school; I had been treated very badly facing physical harm on a daily basis. I was treated as an outcast by nearly everyone; I was spat at, ignored, teased and put down. During therapy I began to see in my mind a monster. It was black with red eyes. I had often had nightmares involving such a creature. Freud regarded dreams as â€Å"the royal road to the unconscious†*. He placed great emphasis upon analysing them, and along with free association dreams became the centre of his psychoanalysis methods. Freud believed that dreams where a sign of the unconscious mind at work and proof that his theories were correct. * Freud – A Beginners Guide p25 & p57 Over time I realised that this monster contained all of the negative emotions other people had placed onto me. Even seven years after the bullying stopped this monster was still telling me I was useless and ugly and deserved no more than to be beaten up. Through therapy memories slowly began to emerge from out of the unconscious. It was very painful at first as the strength of feeling contained in the memories was so strong. Overtime these feelings have weakened, I still believe there are some buried memories but many have now risen out of my Id and have been largely dealt with in my conscious. I don't believe the monster has gone but I seem to have taken much of its power away. I believe my Ego is caught up in this tangled web as well. I feel that while I was at school I may have internalised some of the negatives messages into my Ego. In some ways my Ego stopped looking after me. Through psychodynamic therapy I have begun to rebuild my Ego almost teaching it that the things that happened to me were not my fault and that I do deserve to be looked after by myself, through my Ego. Freud divided a child's life into a number of differing developmental stages. Stage one is the oral phase*. Normally occurring between being born and around two years of age. It involves a discovery of your world and surroundings through the use of your mouth. Sucking to feed provides both nutrients and closeness with mother. Any available object will be tested by being placed in the mouth and explored that way. Mastering Psychology. P247, Teach Yourself Counselling. P123, An Introduction To Counselling. P81 Personally I have no memories of this period in my own life. It is thought though that people sometimes fall back into child like behaviour to receive comfort from these things. I smoke and therefore enjoy the aspect of putting a cigarette in my mouth and sucking it tending to do this most when stressed. Some people argue this is regressive behaviour and links back into my oral stage. The second stage occurs between the ages of two to four. Called the Anal Stage* it is the period when a child discovers that he/she produces faeces. Apparently the child then experiments with control. Being able to both let go and hold on to the faeces. Freud argued that if parents handle this stage of development badly a child could become afraid of letting go of things as they grew older or overly controlling. Teach Yourself Counselling. P123, Mastering Psychology. P247 The phallic stage* develops between the ages of four to seven. Freud argued that the genitals become the main interest or focus to the child during this period. It is also during this time that the Superego develops. This is the time when Freud's infamous Oedipus* and Electra Complexes* are said to occur. Teach Yourself Counselling. P124. Mastering Psychology. P247 Little boys will fall in love with their mother and girls with their father. Girls will develop penis envy and hate their mother for not giving them one. Boys will hate their father believing that he wishes to castrate them and stop them being with their mother. After this latency will set in, this period is believed to be the best time for children to learn. Then puberty starts and Freud believed that the whole process repeats itself thus enabling any damage incurred during the first time round to be repaired. I can imagine that during puberty these processes had a difficult time repairing any damage to me, as it was during this time that I was being bullied. I can't directly link any of this to the three stages but from experience I know that damage done during this time is far more difficult to deal with than damage done later in life when the personality is fully formed. In this final stage of the essay I shall examine four of Freud's ideas on how the mind copes with experiences it does not want to deal with, these are called defences. Freud listed over twenty-five differing defences created by the mind to protect itself. The first one I shall look at is repression. Repression is when memories are hidden in the unconscious. The Ego may not have been able to cope with the events attached to the memory and so stored them away where the person could not access them. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P183/184. Mastering Psychology. P245. This is sometimes known as Ego Censorship*. Personally this is one defence I feel I have had a lot of experience with. Most of my time at school was somehow lost. My two best friends, who were at school with me, would talk about fellow students, teaches and events involving the three of us and I would have no recollection what so ever of what they were talking about. * Counselling course class notes Many of the things that happened to me I only began to remember after they spoke about them. It was very strange, almost as if they were talking about people and places I had never been. It was quite a disconcerting experience. The experience would come into my conscious at sometimes though. Through dreams certain memories would come alive. If I was extremely depressed suddenly a dam would break and a flood of bad memories would pour on top of me and yet the next day I would not be able to recall what they were. Another defence is regression*. This is the idea that people sometimes return to behaviour linked with the developmental stages. This can involve many things including crying, taking to ones bed or comfort eating. As I said earlier smoking is also connected with this as it is seen as an oral behaviour. It is noticeable that many people including myself smoke far more when stressed. * An Introduction To Counselling. P84. Teach Yourself Counselling. P183. I do recall, at the time of my worst depression that I took to my bed, often lying in the foetal position and crying. It was comforting in some way. As if I was safer lying in my bed than having to be in the world outside. It reminds me of the time when at night I suddenly feel scared in the dark on the way back from the bathroom but I know when I get into bed and covered up again I will be quite safe. It is also quite possible from personal experience to deny painful events. Denial* is a term, which has become very mainstream; he or she is in denial. Looking back on my life I can see a number of times when I was living in denial. One of my partners who I was with for about six months was patently not for me. I knew this deep down but did not want to be alone and so I denied it. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P179. I continued in the relationship feeling more and more unhappy though not allowing myself to see the real reason, which I did actually know. Eventually the other person ended it and I was forced to deal with life without that partner. It did not take long to realise that I was much happier without them than I was with them but I had not allowed myself to see any possibility of a happy life without them in it. I think everyone has been guilty of displacement at one time in his or her life. Displacement* is when a person replaces the true object of their emotions with another. If someone is angry they may kick a door instead of kicking the person they are angry with. In a sense this defence can be seen as a very positive thing. The Ego allowing aggression out where it will do less harm all round. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P179/180 So during this essay I have briefly examined some of Freud's theories on human development and growth and thought about how these theories can help me to see my life in a different way. In some cases they already have as I have done psychodynamic therapy for some time now. Other areas of his theories leave me slightly baffled and cold, as they strike no resonance with me, though it may be argued that that's because I don't want them to.