Copyright Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Copyright - Research Paper Example This is usually for a short period, with the aim of allowing the inventor to get reimbursement for their unique work. Inventors are individual like an author of a book, music artist, software designer, video producer, among others. Moreover, copyright is a technique of intelligent assets used to any expressed illustration of imaginative work. It is frequently shared between numerous authors, who individually hold a set of authorizations to license or practice the work. This individual is known as rights holders. These authorizations often comprise of distribution, control over derivative work, public performance, ethical sanctions such as attribution and lastly reproduction. Copyright violation or infringement has had a substantial effect on the global economy. This is the illegal use of works that are governed by a copyright statute, violating certain exclusive privileges given to the rights holder. Furthermore, for work to be considered as infringing copyright, its usage must have befallen in a state that has local copyright rules or obeys a joint tragedy or recognized global agreements. Inappropriate usage of materials outside the law is not considered as copyright infringement rather it is considered as unauthorized edition (Cockburn, 2005). The violation of copyrights frequently happens with music, film and software. Nevertheless, copyright infringement on books and other writing are normal, particularly for scholastic reasons. However, statistics concerning the impacts of copyright infringement are hard to find out. Millions of jobs and billions of dollars are lost each and every year to copyright violation. Research has tried to find out whether businesses affected by the infringement of copyrights are prone to financial loss by forecasting what quota of pirated share would have been acquired legally if it were not easily available.

The programs that run on the hardware Essay Example for Free

The programs that run on the hardware Essay Presentation software The main use of this software is to animated visual presentations. Examples of use include:   presentations for meetings   computer-based help systems Graphics software There are two types of graphics packages. Bitmap graphics software stores images as lots of coloured dots, known as pixels. Vector based graphics software stores images as rules, covering the dimensions, direction, and colour of the drawn object. Function Explanation/description drawing tools pre-defined shapes ability to scale, stretch, and crop images ability to rotate images ability to flip images paint palettezoom/magnify ability to fill Computer aided design (CAD) software The main use of this software is to design three dimensional objects. HTML editing software The main use of this software is to create web-pages. Communications software There are two types of communications software. Electronic mail, used to send and receive messages. Web-browser software to view web pages on the Internet. Integrated software A software package that combines the functions of two or more distinct generic applications. Specific software Software designed to carry out a single task for users. System software Software that manages and controls the computer and all its peripherals. Operating system software A layer of software that enables a user to control the hardware, and application programs to run on the computer. Utility software Software used to carry out routine tasks often needed by the user to maintain the performance of the computer. Hardware Hardware is the name given to any part of the computer that you can actually touch. A device is an individual piece of hardware. Examples include:   keyboard   visual display unit (VDU) or monitor   floppy disk drive Describing hardware Technical specification. This is a list of its properties. It usually refers to the performance and/or capacity of the device. Performance This is a way of describing how well a device in a computer system does its job. This often refers to the speed at which it works. Capacity This is the amount of data that can be stored. Processor The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of the computer where the searching and sorting of data, calculating and decision-making goes on. Also known as the processor. Choosing a processor Processors are measured by their speed. The number of instructions it can perform in 1 second. This is measured in hertz (Hz). 1 hertz = 1 instruction per second 1 KHz = 1,000 instructions per sec 1 MHz = 1,000,000 instructions per sec 1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 instructions per sec Input devices Input devices are used to enter commands or information into a computer. Examples of input devices include:   keyboard   mouse   scanner   microphone   trackball   joystick/ joypad   graphics tablet digital camera/ web-camera Output devices Output devices are used by the computer to communicate information to human users or to affect a change in a physical environment. Examples of output devices include: VDU/monitor   printer   speakers Types of VDUs/monitors cathode ray tube (CRT) liquid crystal display (LCD) less expensive to buy more expensive to buy better quality image lower quality image can be easily viewed from an angle can only be properly viewed from one angle requires more power requires less power gives off lots of heat gives off less heat takes up a lot of space takes up less space more likely to cause eye strain less likely to cause eye strain Choosing VDUs/monitors Type cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) (thin-film transistor [TFT]) Colour. Monochrome, or grey-scale, or colour Resolution measured in pixels; 640 X 480 (VGA), 800 X 600 (SVGA), 1024 X 768 (XVGA or XGA) Size diagonal distance, from one corner to another (inches) Types of printers inkjet laser less expensive to buy more expensive to buy more expensive to run less expensive to run relatively slow speed printing relatively fast speed printing Choosing printers Speed characters per second (cps) or pages per minute (ppm) Quality dots per inch (dpi) Colour monochrome, or colour Data storage devices Storage devices are used to store the programs and data needed by the computer. The two main categories of storage devices are main memory and backing storage. Main memory RAM random access memory RAM is used by the computer to store the programs and data that are being used at a given time. RAM is volatile which means that when the computer is turned off all its contents are wiped clean. Choosing RAM RAM is measured by its capacity; the amount of data that it can store when the computer is switched on. All computers ultimately store data as 1s and 0s (this number system is known as binary). A single unit (either 1 or 0) is called a bit. 8 bits = 1 byte 1,000 bytes = 1 KB 1,000 KB = 1 MB 1,000 MB = 1 GB Backing storage Backing storage is used to store programs and data when they are not being used or when the computer is switched off. Backing storage is non-volatile which means that when the computer is turned off none of its contents are lost. backing storage device used to read and write data onto storage media. backing storage media the collective name given to the disks and tapes used to store data. Choosing backing storage The first decision is between fixed media or removable media. Backing storage media can be measured by its capacity; bytes, or kilobytes (KB), or megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB). Backing storage can also be judged by the data transfer speed of the backing storage device to the backing storage media. This is measured in; bytes per second (Bps), or kilobytes per second (KBps), megabytes per second (MBps). Audio CDs read at 150KBps 8X, 16X, 24X, 48X, 52X. The final way that backing storage can be differentiated is whether it is: * read only memory (ROM), or * recordable (R)/ write once read many (WORM), or * read and write (RW). Types of portable backing storage * floppy disk drive (FDD) * compact disk (CD) drive * Zip drive * digital versatile disk (DVD) drive * flash stick Computers and peripherals Desktop computer An entire computer that sits on a desk or a table. Laptop computer A personal computer that can be simply carried around by one person and used in transit from internal battery power. Peripherals Standard (expected) Additional (extra) hard disk drive (HDD) printer floppy disk drive (FDD) scanner VDU/monitor microphone keyboard web-cam mouse (pointing device) joystick CD drive (ROM/R/RW) DVD drive (ROM/R/RW) speakers Zip drive Social Impact In the home In business P:\ICT\KS4\Yr09\Yr09Revision. 0304. doc HBDugard Page 1 of 10 Last printed 28/05/2004 14:09

Im Going to College Essay -- College Admissions Essays

I'm Going to College Neither my grandmother, nor any of my great aunts, went on to college.   It was too expensive for their family.   My great Aunt Nancy, however, did try to take night classes at the University Extension, which was held at her high school.   Unfortunately, she was unable to continue paying for these classes, so she left the University Extension program with only twelve credits earned. Aunt Nancy just continued to work at the job she acquired, right out of high school, and work her way up through the ranks at this job.   There was no push by her parents to continue her education, and therefore, there was no pressure on her to attend college.   Aunt Nancy had once told me, "There is great value in a college education, for career purpose.   It is so necessary now, where as years ago it was not as essential."   She also explained to me that college can help to build better social skills, which will be used in everyday life.   Now that Aunt Nancy is retired, she reads a lot.   When she was younger, her mother only took her to the city library three times a year to get books to read.   So, as a child she did not read as much as she reads now.   While in school, she only preformed the necessary reading and writing that was required.   Now, she reads the newspaper, books, or a magazine almost everyday.   My mother, on the other hand, did attend college.   Actually, she has attended college twice now.   The first time she went, she gained a degree as a Medical Laboratory Technician.   Later in life, she went back to college and attained her accounting degree.   My mother decided that she was not happy as a Medical Technician, so she wanted to go back to school to learn of what fields would interest her... ...of reading to your children.   He explained that as long as you read to your child, or as long as they are reading to themselves, it would increase your child's comprehension skills.   At this point in time, I no longer enjoyed having my mother read to me, but I was reading books to myself so I was still learning and establishing the proper skills gained through reading and writing. Books and an education seem to be important to everyone, no matter how old or young.   I have learned many things both in school and just by reading.   Obviously, books and schooling can have the same effect on others.   College is a time to grow, both intellectually and socially.   I strongly encourage future generations to attend college and get a good education throughout life.   It will prove to be extremely beneficial, and you will learn a lot about yourself in the process.

College: Worth It or Not Essay

â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money† by Caroline Bird suggests that a college education is forced upon those who attend. As a student you shouldn’t lack the enthusiasm or motivation or it won’t be what you thought it would be. Bird states that those who think that going to college is a way to prepare for your future job are wrong, for there are students who are successful because of their family background. Bird makes valid points in her essay, but it isn’t all true to say that college wastes a student’s money and time and showing that going to college can benefit you in the end by giving you a well-paid job and having knowledge of new skills. Throughout high-school, students are taught that college is a great route to take. Bird states, â€Å"This is the way it used to be with women, and just as a society had systematically damaged women by insisting that their proper place was in the home, so we may be systematically damaging 18 yr-olds by insisting that their proper place is in college† (p.9). They even have classes now that prepare you for that next big step, like taking AVID classes. AVID is a college readiness system for elementary through high school. AP classes are also available to students in high school. AP stands for advanced placement classes, which have a curriculum that you get when in college. Many may say that it is not worth taking classes like that, but also some may say that it is beneficial even if you don’t go to college or not. It has become â€Å"The thing to do’ says Bird. Going to college has now become something like a popularity contest, where you attend because everyone else is and your parents think it is right. Parents go along with it, not â€Å"thinking of the â€Å"higher† good at all. They send their children to college because they are convinced young people benefit financially from those four years of higher education† (p. 24). Parents are only thinking of the money that will come from spending money on that education. My parents in are complete opposites of all that. They encouraged me to go college so I can better myself as a person. I will be the first, also, to go to college to get my degree in a profession. Students also feel like ‘they are not needed† so they attend college where they can feel like they may become something. Bird argues and tells us that we should force our students to go into college, and according to a study by Leon, 200 of 300 students felt that college education is a waste of money, so forcing them to go may not even work. (p. 18) Bird isn’t in an agreement that college education will help the students to make money in the future: â€Å"if making money is the only goal, college is the dumbest investment you can make† (p. 24). Bird furthers this testimonial by comparing the money that would be spent on education versus money that is put in a bank for interest. Even when the graduates do succeed in having good jobs, there is no evidence that money comes from the college education as college can attract students who have a wealthy family background (p. 31). There are those who just go college to go, but than can take over a family business or something. Then their wealth comes from that. College can open doors to jobs in the areas of teaching, medicine and research though such opportunities are scarce. Bird says that studies show that very often, the work attached to the jobs is totally unrelated to their college education and this is true for architects, nurses, teachers and other professionals (p. 48). So those who go into a profession that is meant to help others, you don’t take what you learned from college into that profession, you learn throughout your working years. This means that college education does not prepare the student for the job market. Bird is convinced that â€Å"college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy or liberal. It’s the other way around. Intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal people are attracted to higher education in the first place† (p. 52). Bird concludes that college education is for students who can afford money and time to read and learn and there must be alternatives provided for youngsters to have a good future. â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money† does give valid points in what Bird was trying to argue. College has become more expensive for a few days of school work that may not even help you in the future and students do have the wrong perception on what college is. But a college education does have its upsides. A college education is a journey that everyone, who has the right attitude about education, should take. College prepares a student for being independent by teaching them learning skills that can be used lifelong. The values you learn, leadership and social skills that you can gain, and the character and attitude of a student is enhanced by going to college.

How can Freud’s Psychodynamic model help me to understand and change my life?

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was the father of psychodynamic therapy. His work built upon what had been done by Brewer before him. One of his patients Anna O labelled his method as being ‘the talking cure'*. During this essay I shall briefly explain Freud's main theories on the human personality and then examine how these can help me to understand and change my life. * An Introduction To Counselling. P80 Freud believed the human psyche is divided into three areas the conscious, preconscious and unconscious*. In the unconscious exists the Id. This is the instinctual life force within us. Two forces are at work within the Id, Eros a drive for love and Thanatos a drive for destruction**. In our day-to-day lives we are unaware of the effects our Id has upon us, Freud argues that hidden forces from the Id govern most of the things we want to do. The Id has no time dimension and memories trapped within it remain emotionally charged***. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P121 ** Teach Yourself Counselling. P121 *** Mastering Psychology. P242 The Ego helps to mediate between the Id and the outside world, known as the ‘reality principle'*. It is the part of ourselves, which enables us to fit into society. It takes on board social norms and lets the Id have its way when it will be practically possible and allowable by society. * Mastering Psychology. P242 From society and our parents we develop the Superego. This provides us with a ‘moral principle'*. It is basically the internalisation of parental and societal rules. The Superego is largely unconscious though we do become aware of certain thing when they move into the preconscious. * Mastering Psychology. P243 Through psychodynamic therapy I discovered that I had repressed many memories. I believe these were being stored in my unconscious. These memories were having a profound effect upon my life although I did not realise this at the time. I went through almost seven years of bullying when I was at school. When I left school and continued with my life I was always aware of this fact but I had lost many of the details over time and could not recall much about it. When I reached twenty years of age I developed clinical depression and had panic attacks. I was forced leave university with only six months left to completion. My home became my sanctuary and for a period of three months I did not leave it. Through many years of differing therapy I have begun to understand more about what happened within my mind to bring me to that point. The memories I had storied in my unconscious, though I was largely unaware of them, were distorting my view of the world. It was â€Å"frightening outside†; I could â€Å"get hurt if I left home†. These were not a realistic feeling about my current circumstances but were a reflection of the fears I had held during the time of my bullying. I was extremely depressed because I felt â€Å"useless†, â€Å"ugly† and that my life was â€Å"pointless†. Again I now feel that these thoughts grew from trapped memories. I had been called many names whilst at school; I had been treated very badly facing physical harm on a daily basis. I was treated as an outcast by nearly everyone; I was spat at, ignored, teased and put down. During therapy I began to see in my mind a monster. It was black with red eyes. I had often had nightmares involving such a creature. Freud regarded dreams as â€Å"the royal road to the unconscious†*. He placed great emphasis upon analysing them, and along with free association dreams became the centre of his psychoanalysis methods. Freud believed that dreams where a sign of the unconscious mind at work and proof that his theories were correct. * Freud – A Beginners Guide p25 & p57 Over time I realised that this monster contained all of the negative emotions other people had placed onto me. Even seven years after the bullying stopped this monster was still telling me I was useless and ugly and deserved no more than to be beaten up. Through therapy memories slowly began to emerge from out of the unconscious. It was very painful at first as the strength of feeling contained in the memories was so strong. Overtime these feelings have weakened, I still believe there are some buried memories but many have now risen out of my Id and have been largely dealt with in my conscious. I don't believe the monster has gone but I seem to have taken much of its power away. I believe my Ego is caught up in this tangled web as well. I feel that while I was at school I may have internalised some of the negatives messages into my Ego. In some ways my Ego stopped looking after me. Through psychodynamic therapy I have begun to rebuild my Ego almost teaching it that the things that happened to me were not my fault and that I do deserve to be looked after by myself, through my Ego. Freud divided a child's life into a number of differing developmental stages. Stage one is the oral phase*. Normally occurring between being born and around two years of age. It involves a discovery of your world and surroundings through the use of your mouth. Sucking to feed provides both nutrients and closeness with mother. Any available object will be tested by being placed in the mouth and explored that way. Mastering Psychology. P247, Teach Yourself Counselling. P123, An Introduction To Counselling. P81 Personally I have no memories of this period in my own life. It is thought though that people sometimes fall back into child like behaviour to receive comfort from these things. I smoke and therefore enjoy the aspect of putting a cigarette in my mouth and sucking it tending to do this most when stressed. Some people argue this is regressive behaviour and links back into my oral stage. The second stage occurs between the ages of two to four. Called the Anal Stage* it is the period when a child discovers that he/she produces faeces. Apparently the child then experiments with control. Being able to both let go and hold on to the faeces. Freud argued that if parents handle this stage of development badly a child could become afraid of letting go of things as they grew older or overly controlling. Teach Yourself Counselling. P123, Mastering Psychology. P247 The phallic stage* develops between the ages of four to seven. Freud argued that the genitals become the main interest or focus to the child during this period. It is also during this time that the Superego develops. This is the time when Freud's infamous Oedipus* and Electra Complexes* are said to occur. Teach Yourself Counselling. P124. Mastering Psychology. P247 Little boys will fall in love with their mother and girls with their father. Girls will develop penis envy and hate their mother for not giving them one. Boys will hate their father believing that he wishes to castrate them and stop them being with their mother. After this latency will set in, this period is believed to be the best time for children to learn. Then puberty starts and Freud believed that the whole process repeats itself thus enabling any damage incurred during the first time round to be repaired. I can imagine that during puberty these processes had a difficult time repairing any damage to me, as it was during this time that I was being bullied. I can't directly link any of this to the three stages but from experience I know that damage done during this time is far more difficult to deal with than damage done later in life when the personality is fully formed. In this final stage of the essay I shall examine four of Freud's ideas on how the mind copes with experiences it does not want to deal with, these are called defences. Freud listed over twenty-five differing defences created by the mind to protect itself. The first one I shall look at is repression. Repression is when memories are hidden in the unconscious. The Ego may not have been able to cope with the events attached to the memory and so stored them away where the person could not access them. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P183/184. Mastering Psychology. P245. This is sometimes known as Ego Censorship*. Personally this is one defence I feel I have had a lot of experience with. Most of my time at school was somehow lost. My two best friends, who were at school with me, would talk about fellow students, teaches and events involving the three of us and I would have no recollection what so ever of what they were talking about. * Counselling course class notes Many of the things that happened to me I only began to remember after they spoke about them. It was very strange, almost as if they were talking about people and places I had never been. It was quite a disconcerting experience. The experience would come into my conscious at sometimes though. Through dreams certain memories would come alive. If I was extremely depressed suddenly a dam would break and a flood of bad memories would pour on top of me and yet the next day I would not be able to recall what they were. Another defence is regression*. This is the idea that people sometimes return to behaviour linked with the developmental stages. This can involve many things including crying, taking to ones bed or comfort eating. As I said earlier smoking is also connected with this as it is seen as an oral behaviour. It is noticeable that many people including myself smoke far more when stressed. * An Introduction To Counselling. P84. Teach Yourself Counselling. P183. I do recall, at the time of my worst depression that I took to my bed, often lying in the foetal position and crying. It was comforting in some way. As if I was safer lying in my bed than having to be in the world outside. It reminds me of the time when at night I suddenly feel scared in the dark on the way back from the bathroom but I know when I get into bed and covered up again I will be quite safe. It is also quite possible from personal experience to deny painful events. Denial* is a term, which has become very mainstream; he or she is in denial. Looking back on my life I can see a number of times when I was living in denial. One of my partners who I was with for about six months was patently not for me. I knew this deep down but did not want to be alone and so I denied it. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P179. I continued in the relationship feeling more and more unhappy though not allowing myself to see the real reason, which I did actually know. Eventually the other person ended it and I was forced to deal with life without that partner. It did not take long to realise that I was much happier without them than I was with them but I had not allowed myself to see any possibility of a happy life without them in it. I think everyone has been guilty of displacement at one time in his or her life. Displacement* is when a person replaces the true object of their emotions with another. If someone is angry they may kick a door instead of kicking the person they are angry with. In a sense this defence can be seen as a very positive thing. The Ego allowing aggression out where it will do less harm all round. * Teach Yourself Counselling. P179/180 So during this essay I have briefly examined some of Freud's theories on human development and growth and thought about how these theories can help me to see my life in a different way. In some cases they already have as I have done psychodynamic therapy for some time now. Other areas of his theories leave me slightly baffled and cold, as they strike no resonance with me, though it may be argued that that's because I don't want them to.

Human Cloning Essay Example

Human Cloning Essay Example Human Cloning Essay Human Cloning Essay Human Cloning BY DJS010679 The first animal cloning started around the early 1950s. During this time, the first thing to be cloned was a northern leopard frog by Robert Briggs and Thomas King. This experiment was to learn how the cells would activate and deactivate during the cell development. His tadpole that he cloned didnt survive into adult hood, but it helped future cloning be more successful. Now in my opinion isnt so bad. Cloning a frog to learn a simple cell development may actually help us more in the future. It could teaches how disorders or disease may be created and show us how to reverse hem before conditions get worse. Another animal was cloned around the late 1990s. The lamb named Dolly was the first vertebrate animal to be cloned. She was the most the most famous because instead of using an embryo, they used an adult cell to clone Dolly. This experiment was to help research into producing medicines in the milk of farm animals. While this was one of the most significant achievements, it started too raised up ethnical concerns. After Dolly was cloned by scientist, other animal such as mice, rabbis, horses, donkeys, pigs, goats and cattle started to be clone. This is was a good experiment in my opinion. Knowing that we can clone animals helps us be able produce more animals that we need for food purposes. Having more animals means we can never really have a food shortage. This would be a good way to help world hunger become less of a problem. Cloning animals dont seem bad to me at all. We could use cloned animals in the zoos instead of animals from the wild. Cloning animals can help with food shortages problem that we may have in the future. It helps increase populations in animals that may go extinct such as lions, tigers, cheetahs, and elephants. It may even be able to bring back extinct animals such as the mammoths. Cloning existing animals for good purposes like world hunger would be an excellent idea, but cloning animals to harm other living beings would be a terrible idea. Cloning would have its pros and cons. It would depend on the scientist and the scientists intentions with how he uses the clones. Since scientist are now able to make genetic mapping, it can be used to help us learn more about who we are and what has made us the way we are. Genetic also shows us what makes us sick and help scientist develop cures diseases and genetic iseases. Scientist believes that genetic may even be able to show us where we came from and our origins. Although genetic mapping may have its pros with helping us find our origins and help cure diseases by looking at our genetics, there are always the cons. If people can find out genetics and what we are allergic too and what makes us sick, they could use that against other people. With genetic mapping there are pros and cons, but the cons would seem too dangerous to even mess with. With genetic mapping, it can show us where we came from. It can show us if we are elated to certain animals and how much. Scientists have said we are primates of apes and monkeys. With genetic mapping it can show us how much we relate to the apes and monkeys and get closer to finding our origin of place and our very first ancestors. I mean who wouldnt want to know where we orgnated? Things we have invented like life support is greatly a benefit for humans. Life support helps humans live longer. It even Just gives them a second chance at life. Without life support, numans wouldnt nave a great IITe expectancy Ilke we nave today. It nelps give people ope that their loved ones will survive and be able to live longer. Life support is one of the best things humanity has ever created. The creation of defibrillator has about the same affect of life support. Defibrillators can also give a second chance to humans. It allows a person that died for a short duration of time, able to come back to life. Defibrillators allow pulses of electricity into your body so your body your. The electrical pulses allow your heart to get back into rhythm and contract properly so it can pump blood properly. Defibrillators are also one of the best things humanity has ver created. We were able to make prosthetic body parts to help replace body parts that we lost or never had. Its helped some people gain movement not possible to them before. For people without legs or arms, prosthetic legs or arms that mimic movements the same as a real human body part. Weve made metal parts for our internal body Just like metal plantings in our heads or metal heart pieces. All of these fake parts have helped people live happily and healthier. Knowing what scientist have helped create with their idea, I could say they are trying to be god like. Scientists are always trying to find a way to improve humanity and help us live longer. Just like when Chinese invented gunpowder that was supposed to be a substance for eternal life, but it became a substance for death till this day. Although scientist may have messed up on gunpowder, they always find a way to counter their mistakes. Just like how gunpowder was made, bulletproof vest were made. Scientists dont necessarily try to be god like, but try to achieve the impossible so they can make it possible. For instance, about 500 years ago, flying the skies was like a fantasy. People didnt think it was possible, but it became possible. Without going beyond and thinking outside the box, we will never know what we can achieve. So I would say I dont think scientist have gone too far. They Just made mistakes on the way, but humans make mistakes called human error. History of Cloning (1950s-1970s). ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n. d. Web. 05 June 2013.. Cloning. HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 June 2013.. Freudenrich, Craig. AnimalResearch. lnfoThe Global Resource for Scientific Evidence in Animal Research. Cloning Dolly the Sheep. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. MNN Mother Nature Network. MNN Mother Nature Network. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. Rhodes, Alexander. Connexions. Connexions. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. Mealclne, w ON Ill M. D. , Executive Dean Tor Cllnlcal ATTalrs, unlverslty 0T Mlaml Miller School of. What Is A Defibrillator And How Does It Work? ABC News. ABC News Network, 20 Nov. 2008. Web. 06 June 2013. http://abcnews. go. com/Health/ HeartRhythmTreatment/story? id=5226012 Ross, Cody. China Gunpowder. China Gunpowder. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013..

Professional Organization Meeting Summary Example

Professional Organization Meeting Summary Example Professional Organization Meeting Summary – Coursework Example Summary of the Houston Association of Nurse Practitioner (HANP) Meeting The Houston Association of Nurse Practitioners (HANP) meeting was convened todiscuss the effect of a once weekly therapy on A1C and weight over three years. The venue of the meeting was at Maggianos Little Italy and it was sponsored by AztraZaneca. It was scheduled to run from 6 pm to 8: 30 pm. From 6pm to 7pm, all participants were required to register and also interact with other participants. During this networking time, I was able to make three new friends. Two of them had been previous students while one was a current student. The speaker presentation was designed to run between 7pm to 8 pm. It also included a Q & A section. This presentation mainly covered the BYDUREON drug. BYDUREON is basically an injectable medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes by controlling the blood sugar level. Thus, BYDUREON aids a patient’s pancreas to efficiently produce the required insulin. The drug tends to increase the risk of thyroid c cell tumors in patients. Therefore, patients have to be counseled and informed about the symptoms and risk of thyroid tumors. Additionally, patients with a family or personal history of thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 should not be given or should not use the drug. Although studies carried out on animals prove that the drug causes thyroid tumors, it is still unknown if it will cause thyroid tumors in human beings. This is mainly because high doses are used in animal tests. Thus, it is advisable to administer the drug to a patient only when the benefits outweigh the risks. The warnings and precautions mainly state that the drug should not be administered to patients with renal impairment and gastrointestinal disease. Also, the drug tends to cause serious injection site reactions. Furthermore, the drug causes some adverse reactions such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and injection site pruritus. Moreover, the drug interacts adversely with warfar in. The drug is not recommended to be used on pediatric patients, and pregnant and nursing women. After the end of the presentation and Q & A section, other business announcements were handled between 8 pm to 8:30pm. It was at this juncture that scholarships were awarded to two NPs and one DNP before the meeting was declared over.

140 Key Copyediting Terms and What They Mean

140 Key Copyediting Terms and What They Mean In the world of publishing, sans serif is not a holiday resort, curly quotes arent a cheese snack, and a bastard title is really nothing to be ashamed about. Likewise, bullets, daggers, and backslashes are rarely fatal. Even dead copy is often livelier than it sounds. What Is Copyediting? Copyediting (or copy editing) is the work that a writer or an editor does to improve a manuscript and prepare it for publication. Here, we reveal some of the jargon of the copyediting trade: 140 terms and abbreviations used by editors in their efforts to produce copy that is clear, correct, consistent, and concise. When do we  need to understand these terms? Usually, only when our work has been accepted by a book or magazine publisher and we have the privilege of working with a conscientious copy editor. Lets hope that time is soon. Glossary of Copywriting Editorial Terms AA. Short for authors alteration, indicating changes made by an author on a set of proofs. abstract.  A synopsis of a paper that often appears before the main text. air.  White space on a printed page. all cap.  Text in all capital letters. ampersand.  Name of the character. angle brackets.  Name of the and characters. AP style.  Editing conventions recommended by The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (usually called the AP Stylebook), the primary style and usage guide for most newspapers and magazines. APA style.  Editing conventions recommended by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, the primary style guide used for academic writing in the social and behavioral sciences. apos.  Short for apostrophe. art.  Illustration(s) (maps, graphs, photographs, drawings) in a text. at sign.  Name of the character. back matter.  The material at the end of a manuscript or book, which may include an appendix, endnotes, glossary, bibliography, and index. backslash.  Name of the \ character. bastard title.  Usually the first page of a book, which includes only the main title, not the subtitle or authors name. Also called false title. bibliography.  List of sources cited or consulted, usually part of the back matter. blockquote.  Quoted passage set off from the running text without quotation marks. Also called extract. boilerplate.  Text that is reused without changes. bold.  Short for boldface. box.  Type that is framed in a border to give it prominence. braces.  Name of the { and } characters. Known as curly brackets in the UK. brackets.  Name of the [ and ] characters. Also called square brackets. bubble.  Circle or box on a hard copy in which an editor writes a comment. bullet.  Dot used as a marker in a vertical list. May be round or square, closed or filled. bulleted list.  Vertical list (also called a set-off list) in which each item is introduced by a bullet. callout.  Note on hard copy to indicate the placement of art or to signal a cross-reference. caps.  Short for capital letters. caption.  Title of an illustration; may also refer to all text that accompanies a piece of art. CBE style.  Editing conventions recommended by the Council of Biology Editors in Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, the primary style guide used for academic writing in the sciences. character.  An individual letter, number, or symbol. Chicago style.  Editing conventions recommended by The Chicago Manual of Style, the style guide used by some social science publications and most historical journals. citation.  An entry directing the reader to other texts that serve as proof or support. clean up.  Incorporating an authors responses to the copyediting into the final hard copy or computer file. close paren.  Name of the ) character. content edit.  An edit of a manuscript that checks for organization, continuity, and content. copy.  A manuscript that is to be typeset. copy block.  A sequence of lines of type that is treated as a single element in design or page makeup. copy edit.  To prepare a document for presentation in a printed form. The term copy edit is used to describe the kind of editing in which errors of style, usage, and punctuation are corrected. In magazine and book publishing, the spelling copyedit is often used. copy editor.  A person who edits a manuscript. In magazine and book publishing, the spelling â€Å"copyeditor† is often used. copyfitting.  Calculating how much space a text will need when typeset, or how much copy will be needed to fill a space. copyright.  Legal protection of an authors exclusive right to his or her work for a specified period of time. corrections.  Changes made in a manuscript by the author or editor. corrigendum.  An error, usually a printers error, discovered too late to be corrected in a document and included in a separately printed list. Also called addendum. credit line.  A statement that identifies the source of an illustration. cross-reference.  A phrase that mentions another part of the same document. Also called x-ref. curly quotes.  Name of the â€Å" and † characters (in contrast to the character). Also called smart quotes. dagger.  Name for the †  character. dead copy.  A manuscript that has been typeset and proofread. dingbat.  An ornamental character, such as a smiley face. display type.  Large type used for chapter titles and headings. double dagger.  Name for the †¡ character. ellipsis.  Name of the . . . character. em dash.  Name of the - character. In manuscripts, the em dash is often typed as (two hyphens). en dash.  Name of the – character. endnote.  Reference or explanatory note at the end of a chapter or book. face.  The style of type. figure.  An illustration printed as part of the running text. first ref.  The first appearance in a text of a proper name or of a source in reference notes. flag.  To call someones attention to something (sometimes with a label attached to hard copy). flush.  Positioned at the margin (either left or right) of the text page. flush and hang.  A way of setting indexes and lists: the first line of each entry is set flush left, and the remaining lines are indented. FN.  Short for footnote. folio.  Page number in a typeset text. A drop folio is a page number at the bottom of a page. A blind folio has no page number, though the page is counted in the numbering of the text. font.  Characters in a given style and size of a typeface. footer.  One or two lines of copy, such as a chapter title, set at the bottom of each page of a document. Also called  running foot. front matter.  The material at the front of a manuscript or book, including the title page, copyright page, dedication, table of contents, list of illustrations, preface, acknowledgments, and introduction. Also called  prelims. full caps.  Text in all  capital letters. full measure.  The width of a text page. galley.  The first printed version (proof) of a document. glance.  A brief listing of information that accompanies a story. GPO style.  Editing conventions recommended by the  United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, the style guide used by U.S. government agencies. gutter.  The space or margin between facing pages. hard copy.  Any text that appears on paper. head.  A title that indicates the start of a section of a document or chapter. headline style.  Capitalization style for heads or titles of works in which all words are capitalized except  articles,  coordinating conjunctions, and  prepositions. Sometimes, prepositions longer than four or five letters are also printed in upper case. Also called UC/lc or  title case. headnote.  Short explanatory material following a chapter or section title and preceding the running text. house style.  The editorial style preferences of a publisher. index.  Alphabetized table of contents, usually at the end of a book. ital.  Short for  italics. justify.  Type set so that the  margin  is aligned. Book pages are generally justified left and right. Other documents are often justified only at the left (called  ragged right). kerning.  Adjusting the space between characters. kill.  To order deletion of text or an illustration. layout.  A sketch indicating the arrangement of pictures and copy on a page. Also called  dummy. lead.  Journalists term for the first few sentences or the first paragraph of a story. Also spelled  lede. leading.  The spacing of lines in a text. legend.  An explanation that accompanies an illustration. Also called  caption. letterspacing.  The space between the letters of a word. line editing.  Editing copy for clarity, logic, and flow. linespacing.  The space between lines of text. Also called  leading. lowercase.  Small letters (in contrast to capitals, or  uppercase). manuscript.  The original text of an author’s work submitted for publication. mark up.  To put composition or editing instructions on copy or layouts. MLA style.  Editing conventions recommended by the Modern Language Association in the  MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, the primary style guide used for academic writing in languages and literature. MS.  Short for  manuscript. monograph.  A document written by specialists for other specialists. N.  Short for  number. numbered list.  Vertical list in which each item is introduced by a numeral. orphan.  The first line of a paragraph that appears alone at the bottom of a page. Compare to  widow. page proof.  Printed version (proof) of a document in page form. Also called  pages. pass.  Read-through of a manuscript by a copyeditor. PE.  Short for  printers error. pica.  A printers unit of measure. plate.  A page of illustrations. point.  A typesetting unit of measure used to indicate font sizes. proof.  A trial sheet of printed material made to be checked and corrected. proofread.  A form of editing in which errors of  usage,  punctuation, and  spelling  are corrected. query.  An editors question. ragged right.  Text aligned at the left margin but not the right. redline.  On-screen or hard-copy version of a manuscript that indicates which text has been added, deleted, or edited since the previous version. reproduction proof.  A high-quality proof for final review before printing. research editor.  The person responsible for verifying the facts in a story before it is printed. Also called  fact-checker. rough.  A preliminary page layout, not in finished form. rule.  A vertical or horizontal line on a page. running head.  One or two lines of copy, such as a chapter title, set at the top of each page of a document. Also called  header. sans serif.  A typeface that does not have a serif (crossline) decorating the main strokes of the characters. sentence style.  Capitalization style for heads and titles in which all words are in lowercase except those that would be capitalized in a sentence. Also called  initial cap only. serial comma.  Comma preceding  and  or  or  in a list of items (one, two, and  three). Also called  Oxford comma. serif.  A decorative line crossing the main strokes of a letter in some type styles such as Times Roman. short title.  Abbreviated title of a document used in a note or citation after the full title has been given on its first appearance. sidebar.  A short article or news story that complements or amplifies a major article or story. signposting.  Cross-references to topics previously discussed in a document. sink.  Distance from the top of a printed page to an element on that page. slash.  Name of the / character. Also called  forward slash,  stroke, or  virgule. specs.  Specifications indicating typeface, point size, spacing, margins, etc. stet.  Latin for let it stand. Indicates that text marked for deletion should be restored. style sheet.  Form filled in by a copy editor as a record of editorial decisions applied to a manuscript. subhead.  A small headline in the body of a text. T of C.  Short for  Table of Contents. Also called  TOC. TK.  Short for  to come. Refers to material not yet in place. trade books.  Books meant for general readers, as distinguished from books intended for professionals or scholars. trim.  To reduce the length of a story. Also called  boil. trim size.  Dimensions of a page of a book. typo.  Short for  typographical error. A misprint. UC.  Short for  uppercase  (capital letters). UC/lc.  Short for  uppercase  and  lowercase. Indicates that text is to be capitalized according to  headline style. unnumbered list.  Vertical list in which items are not marked by either numbers or  bullets. uppercase.  Capital letters. widow.  The last line of a paragraph that appears alone at the top of a page. Sometimes also refers to an  orphan. x-ref.  Short for  cross-reference.

Ethical Implications Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Implications Report - Essay Example As long as the user will be connected with this system, it will be possible for third parties to extrapolate user’s thoughts and rewrites them (Heather & Graves, 2012). This will guarantee third parties permission to hack into users bodies and be able to cause significant personal concerns without the user knowledge. This system does not give up limits of which a third party can track user’s thoughts and actions. This implies that some matters that we uphold as private and confidential will never have a guarantee of privacy because of this system that will always be connected to user’s bodies. Another ethical fix this system poses is crime. If user thought will control the computer devices in their bodies, then criminals may figure out ways to reverse the system and read the user thoughts (Heather & Graves, 2012). This means that these criminals may successfully access the users’ eyes and view password of highly critical cards like ATM. This will allow them fulfill their criminal activities. Sixth sense technology will make it easy for hackers to plant virus in people’s personal computer (Heather & Graves, 2012). This may cause damages to these users immune system. The virus may also cause a heart attack to the user. All these ethical issues must be put into consideration before accepting the sixth sense

Research Proposal on Employee Motivation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposal on Employee Motivation - Research Paper Example As a result of which, the level of commitment and motivation of the employees are reducing day by day that may hinder their level of performance and efficiency as well. Apart from this, the level of interpersonal relationship among the employees of organization of DDLLC is also quite poor and this also act as one of the major causes for the reduction of employee motivation. However, if such a situation continuous then, the organizational productivity and position in the market might get reduced due to lack of employee commitment and motivation as compared to other existing rival players. Thus, in order to improve the competitiveness and loyalty of the organization of DDLLC, it might try to maintain a participative culture and friendly environment so as to amplify the motivation of the employees (McClelland, 2008). Swart & et. al. (2012) describes that human resource is the prime requirement of an organization in this age. This is because; it’s the human resource that helps an organization to amplify its prosperity and brand image in the market among others. Moreover, it’s the human resource or the employees that helps in developing varied types of inventive products and services as per the changing demands so as to enhance the demand and reliability of the customers to a significant extent. However, in order to achieve such a popular position and image in the market, the management needs to offer more concentration over the desires and motives of the employees (Swart & et. al. 2012). Apart from this, the management of the organization might also try to maintain a participative environment in which, each and every employee might get full freedom to present their desires and wishes. This might prove effective for the employee to enhance their inner morale and self esteem. However, due to improvement of the self-esteem, the inner morale and motivation of the employees might get enhanced resulting in amplification of their

Questionnaire - Benefit GCC become Common currency Essay - 1

Questionnaire - Benefit GCC become Common currency - Essay Example The findings of the study reveal that majority of the participants were between 26 to 35 years 40 percent of the population). 21 percent of the population was between the ages 36 to 45 years, 19 percent were between the age group less than 25 years and 10 percent were between the age group 46 to 55 years and over 55 years. The qualification/ highest education of the participants was asked. The results show that most of respondents were university graduated 56 percent of them were bachelors, 12 percent PhD 15 percent were masters. However, the respondents with graduated high school were only 4 percent. Hence, it can be noted that the most of the participants were education and qualified degrees. The statistical findings reveal 75 percent of the participants were UAE national, whereas on 13 percent wee gulf national and 12 percent was non-Arab national. Hence, it can be noted that the majority of the respondents were UAE nationals. On the basis of the results obtained it can be majority of the respondents disagreed that he increase in the oil revenues will welcome the idea for GCC countries to have a common currency union (mean value 13). Moreover, it can be noted that the dispersion in the data was relatively low that indicates that the responses were more inclined towards disagreement of the idea. It is because the increase in the oil revenue will separately improve overall economic performance of the country due to which there is not a significant reason for the GCC countries to unite and establish common currency union. Furthermore, it was also investigated if the GCC countries are ready to establish separate currency the outcomes of the study highlights that the majority of the respondents disagreed and strongly disagreed to establish GCC currency union. However, the STD of 8.9 indicates that there has been a great dispersion in the data that means that the respondent’s opinion greatly

Critical analysis of the report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis of the report - Case Study Example 2. The research conducted (and what type of study) An ergonomic study was conducted by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) on the rangers of Yellow Stone Park. Several tests were used such as the Rhythmic Test, Tremor Test, and the Vibroactile Test, to determine the reason why the rangers are experiencing musculoskeletal disorders and to find a way to prevent this kind of disorder. The first test used was the Rhythmic test. This test is used to determine the reaction time and coordination on the right and left hands. The rhythmic tests required the participants to tap a circular pad (4–inch diameter) in time with a steady metronome beat (1.0 Hertz [Hz] slow test, 2.5 Hz fast test), either alternating palm side of hand to back of hand (supination/pronation) or tapping with the index finger. At the end of the test administration a numerical coordination index is calculated, which can be compared to the normal coordination index (CI) range provided with the test battery documentation (NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Yellow Stone Park, 2001). With this data, the reaction time and hand coordination of the rangers can be easily compared to the normal reaction time index. The difference will determine the effect of the vibrations experienced while riding a snowmobile on hand coordination. The second test used was the Tremor Test. This test used the Tremor 3.0 software for data analysis. The data collected were: (1) Tremor intensity, often called amplitude or vibration power, calculated as the root–mean–square (RMS), measured in meters per second per second (m/s2) of acceleration in the 0.9 to 15 Hz band during the 8–second test; (2) Center frequency, which is the average frequency of acceleration in the test band, so that 50% of the energy that drives the tremor is produced at frequencies above the center frequency and 50% is produced below; (3) Tremor Index, calculated for each hand from five parameters (e. g., tremor intensity, center frequency, standard deviation of the center frequency, harmonic index, and standard deviation of the harmonic index.); and (4) Combined index for both hands (NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Yellow Stone Park, 2001). This test measures the vibrations experienced by the rangers in riding the snowmobiles and the intensity of the vibration that will likely cause the musculoskeletal disorder. The third test used is the Vibroactile Sensitivity test. This test was selected to determine the effect of the hand–arm vibration produced by snowmobiles on vibration perception thresholds. The test device used was the Bruel & Kj?r Model 96–27 Vibrometry System. This fully automated system produces a mechanical stimulus (sinusoidal vibration) at a chosen frequency to the pulp of a finger tip; the participant indicates perception of the vibration by means of a hand–held button similar to that used in a hearing test. The software was configured to test vibration at four frequencies: 31.5 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, and 500 Hz. Participants placed their right arm on an ascending armrest with the palm lying open on a circular pad, allowing the fingers to hang freely above the vibrating post. The test finger was then placed on the vibrating post with the finger slightly curved and resting lightly on the post. Participants controlled the intensity of vibration with the hand–held button, tracking back and forth between levels of stimulus perception and

Business Requirement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Requirement Analysis - Essay Example Running business is not only keeping organization’s website on Internet and driving it simply; It has a full modus operandi that shows the business to consumer; compel them to make business to hat organization, upgrading the site as required, etc. Tamba Internet (1994 - 2007), clearly says in their website â€Å"All successful e-commerce sites follow two vital rules: Goods are clearly and attractively displayed for maximum visual impact; and the customer experience is simple and pleasurable.† Following are few major points that should be kept in mind while transferring your website on air. ï‚ § Consumers are busy ï‚ § Life is boring and dull ï‚ § Price Matters ï‚ § Needs are only resource to compel consumer to buy ï‚ § Competition i.e., Number of same products in the market ï‚ § Internet Bandwidth ï‚ § Consumer information is a private mania ï‚ § Money is what organization wants to earn ï‚ § Government Laws of the country ï‚ § Different Languages around the globe If above mentioned points are prolonged; it is being said that to every point there is a reason and these reasons can allow the designer to design an eye-catching business websites. Consumers are busy: Keeping this idea in mind leads the designer to design a business website that takes no time to acknowledge the consumer about the business and products the company deals in This can be done by placing more pictures and less easy text. The website should be in a manner for the viewer that one can gets to latest updates immediately. Life is boring and dull: This idea may leads to make the website using decent but eye-catching. Obviously, business sites are for mature beings and they don't prefer the bright and funky colors. To make it more attractive a light audio can be added. Some flash videos for advertisements of the own business products. Price Matters: Expensive products are only seems good if they are known to be designer products. But if to make the e-commerce works best for the business, prices should be in the range when people from middle class family can also afford them with the taxes and delivery charges. In the globe around, no doubt people have money to buy things that give them comfort but those people are less and people buying products when needed are more. Needs are only resource to compel consumer to buy: Wishes and needs make the consumer buy the product. So to achieve good e-commerce, the site must be full of attractive text and images. Product profile must have words that realize the consumer that this product is the only thing he/she requires. Competition i.e., Number of same products in the market: Competition makes e-commerce tougher as consumers instead of shop online prefer to go to market and look different products of the same kind at same place and choose the one best fits to their pockets and needs. Though to make the place in the market, Advertisements should be strong and price should be fixed and competitive to other products in the market. Internet Bandwidth: To provide the e-commerce business site to all standard of consumers, web site designers should take care that they don't upload heavy flash video etc. that takes time to load on a simple dial up Internet browsers. As all Internet don't provide good bandwidth and due to this reason many consumers may escape. Moreover, sometimes loading of heavy material takes time which consumer is always short of

Critical analysis of the report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis of the report - Case Study Example 2. The research conducted (and what type of study) An ergonomic study was conducted by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) on the rangers of Yellow Stone Park. Several tests were used such as the Rhythmic Test, Tremor Test, and the Vibroactile Test, to determine the reason why the rangers are experiencing musculoskeletal disorders and to find a way to prevent this kind of disorder. The first test used was the Rhythmic test. This test is used to determine the reaction time and coordination on the right and left hands. The rhythmic tests required the participants to tap a circular pad (4–inch diameter) in time with a steady metronome beat (1.0 Hertz [Hz] slow test, 2.5 Hz fast test), either alternating palm side of hand to back of hand (supination/pronation) or tapping with the index finger. At the end of the test administration a numerical coordination index is calculated, which can be compared to the normal coordination index (CI) range provided with the test battery documentation (NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Yellow Stone Park, 2001). With this data, the reaction time and hand coordination of the rangers can be easily compared to the normal reaction time index. The difference will determine the effect of the vibrations experienced while riding a snowmobile on hand coordination. The second test used was the Tremor Test. This test used the Tremor 3.0 software for data analysis. The data collected were: (1) Tremor intensity, often called amplitude or vibration power, calculated as the root–mean–square (RMS), measured in meters per second per second (m/s2) of acceleration in the 0.9 to 15 Hz band during the 8–second test; (2) Center frequency, which is the average frequency of acceleration in the test band, so that 50% of the energy that drives the tremor is produced at frequencies above the center frequency and 50% is produced below; (3) Tremor Index, calculated for each hand from five parameters (e. g., tremor intensity, center frequency, standard deviation of the center frequency, harmonic index, and standard deviation of the harmonic index.); and (4) Combined index for both hands (NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, Yellow Stone Park, 2001). This test measures the vibrations experienced by the rangers in riding the snowmobiles and the intensity of the vibration that will likely cause the musculoskeletal disorder. The third test used is the Vibroactile Sensitivity test. This test was selected to determine the effect of the hand–arm vibration produced by snowmobiles on vibration perception thresholds. The test device used was the Bruel & Kj?r Model 96–27 Vibrometry System. This fully automated system produces a mechanical stimulus (sinusoidal vibration) at a chosen frequency to the pulp of a finger tip; the participant indicates perception of the vibration by means of a hand–held button similar to that used in a hearing test. The software was configured to test vibration at four frequencies: 31.5 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, and 500 Hz. Participants placed their right arm on an ascending armrest with the palm lying open on a circular pad, allowing the fingers to hang freely above the vibrating post. The test finger was then placed on the vibrating post with the finger slightly curved and resting lightly on the post. Participants controlled the intensity of vibration with the hand–held button, tracking back and forth between levels of stimulus perception and

Self-Evaluation of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Evaluation of Life - Essay Example The society that I come from places a lot of importance on religion, honour and obedience to the teachings of religion. I live in a society that is characterized by diversity in all aspects of life from religion to cultural and traditional practices. This created a conflict of interest on my part because I wanted to maintain the integrity of my beliefs, and at the same time adapt and thrive in this dynamic new world (Casino, 58). There were significant forces that had an influence on my life, and in retrospect, there were some that were positive while others were negative. It is during this initial transitional period that I was faced with the possibility of losing direction in life when I met a fellow fellow citizen. He had experienced the same predicament I was presently facing, and when he identified with my situation, he endeavoured to help me cope with the situation. He introduced me to other people who had gone through the same experience of identity conflict. Through sharing a bout our experiences in the past and present with each other, I was able to feel better about myself and better equipped to deal with cultural shock. I am eternally thankful to this person for helping me preserve my sense of identity and beliefs of my heritage. There are things in one’s life that hold meaning, in the sense that they represent, to them core elements that are part of self and their identity. I come from a society that has excellent pride in the breed of horses that are bred and reared, by the people.

Explain the Impacts the Vietnam War Had on Soldiers Essay Example for Free

Explain the Impacts the Vietnam War Had on Soldiers Essay The Vietnam was a war like no other and the nature of the fighting in this war had great impacts on the soldiers. At this time, communism was seen as a great threat, especially by Western countries, and so extreme emphasis was placed on the domino theory that when one country falls to communism, others would follow and that forward defence would be the only solution to this issue. Also during this time, Vietnam was artificially split into the communist South, led by Ho Chi Min who defeated and drove out the French, and the government led South, which was in the power of Diem who was clearly corrupt and had little supporters so the spread of communism was quite likely. In response, American and Australian troops were sent to fight for the South and stop this spread of communism but there were many difficulties. Firstly, the soldiers faced very inhumane and difficult fighting conditions. War itself is gruesome but in Vietnam, the conditions were different and in some ways, it was worse. The terrain was difficult since it is made up of open rice paddies, dense jungles and steep ranges that were filled with small villages containing civilians who were had to avoid. Also, the guerilla warfare made it hard for soldiers to identify the enemy since attacks may come from anybody, including normal civilians such as young children or even the elderly. The issues involved weren’t straightforward and both sides were fighting to convince the people that they had their best interests at heart but the Americans and Australians were seen as invaders with a clumsy fighting style and were seen as supporting the corrupt regime of the South. All these conditions impacted the soldiers negatively because they were disadvantaged; they had to fight in conditions that seemed to be unjust and against what they have been taught, causing many of the soldiers to question their role and also feeling lost and confused with the nature of the fighting and also because their actions aren’t even supported by the people they we fighting for and the people at home due to a social revolution. This caused soldiers to feel cheated but also feel as if they let the people down. This impact on the soldiers is significant because it was through this that led to other long-term issues. Also from the fighting, soldiers were physically impacted. Like in any war, many soldiers would have their health impacted by a vast range of circumstances. Many had wounds of various degrees that were caused by numerous explosions from bombs, shelling and landmines as well as from gunshots or flying shrapnel that affected many parts of the body, handicapping soldiers. Also, the landmines used were very serious. If they did not cause death, the injuries caused by these were extremely severe and terrible, as soldiers would lose a leg or even both legs due to this. Soldiers were also exposed to a strong chemical known as Agent Orange, whose original use was to kill jungle growth so that the enemy could be revealed, but there were many serious long term effects as a result of this which included nervous conditions, many forms of cancer, and genetic deformations which led to malformations of children conceived after the war, and continued on into future generations. So as a result of the fighting in Vietnam, many soldiers were impacted physically. Furthermore, the soldiers experienced extreme psychological problems. Due to the brutal nature of the war, soldiers ended up and were forced to kill many seemingly innocent civilians. This is against what many of the soldiers valued and what they were taught; instead of killing the ferocious enemy armies like what their fathers experienced, young children, helpless mothers and the elderly became the victims, which seemed very wrong. This has led to various mixed emotions, comprising mainly of guilt; guilt for killing the innocent and guilt for letting the South Vietnamese down after promising them so much and leaving them deserted in the end. In addition, soldiers would have lost many of their friends in battle but also returned to a home that has been changed by a social revolution (hippie movement) that resented war so instead of returning as heroes for fighting for their country, the soldiers were only quietly brought back and were isolated. As a result of all this, the veterans faced many mental health problems such as depression, schizophrenia, nightmares that eventually led to high suicide rates and many other social problems. In conclusion, many of the soldiers who went and fought in the Vietnam war never really returned; they have been through and experienced so many horrors and physical, mental and social pain, that they never really blended in with their society at home anymore and never really regained what they had before the war again.

The Corporate Culture Of Fedex Business Essay

The Corporate Culture Of Fedex Business Essay In order to complete the task the organization selected was FedEx. The corporate culture of FedEx was based on superior client service as well as displayed an attitude of doing whatever it takes to serve clients as of the top to the bottom. The expansion of the Internet, therefore, was something FedEx might employ to enhance its client base plus create a competitive service advantage. It allowed FedEx to not just let its clients pull real time information moreover data into their internal systems, however in addition to that turn out to be further involved in the internal processes of its clients. which involves the contributing factor in transforming FedEx into an e-trade. Even though there was no planned strategy to build an e-trade, the decisions that the business made to align the organization structure by means of systems plus processes has carved out a model for building a successful trade for the 21st century, which lends support to transportation logistics competence as well as selling as well as supply chain logistics answers management. (De Wit, 2004) FedEx is renowned for plus recognized for its total fidelity plus its attention to detail. FedEx accomplishes this by not being a mass of bodies moving in one direction however rather by being the several parts that compose it plus working together. FedExs guaranteed on-time service plus complete satisfaction is unconditional. The image the business has so meticulously cultivated assists maintain as well as extend its market share. FedEx Logistics offers customized, integrated logistics in addition to warehousing answers worldwide. FedEx Logistics is the parent business of FedEx Logistics furthermore Caribbean Transportation in February 2000 to offer customs brokerage moreover trade facilitation answers. FedEx Corporate Services formed in January 2000 to bring together the sales, client services, public relations in addition to IT resources. On January 19, 2000, FedEx announced a novel branding strategy that involved transforming the businesss name to FedEx Corporation, as well as ex tending the FedEx brand to four of its five subsidiary companies. Providing clients by means of an integrated set of trade answers was the pivotal reason for the renaming of the business as FedEx Corporation. Clients wanted to deal by means of one business to meet their transportation plus logistics needs. The announcement created to pool together the marketing, sales, client services, information technology plus electronic commerce resources of the group furthermore offer variety of trade answers. (Johnson, 2005) Technological growth has always been a major manner for FedEx to add value since it can cut costs along by means of creating novel manners of finding competitive benefits. Lastly, FedExs improving in addition to transforming of the organizational structure over the last few years has added value. By developing different subsidiaries all operating under the FedEx brand name has organized the business down by means of improving the communication inside the business as of one division to another. (De Wit, 2004) The ability to keep up by means of e-trades will depend on how well a business can keep up by means of novel emerging technologies. FedEx has transformed into an e-trade by improving several of its core competencies. On January 19, 2000, FedEx announced a novel branding strategy that resulted in the transform of the businesss name to FedEx Corporation as well as extended this FedEx name to four of its five subsidiary companies. FedExs strategy was to take advantage of its brand image, the name that clients have counted on for reliable service plus cutting edge technology. The transformation created an integrated set of trade answers. Clients will just need to deal by means of one business for all its supply chain, logistics, moreover delivery needs. This offered a single point of access to client service, billing, sales furthermore automation systems. Each business under the FedEx umbrella operates independently however competes collectively. The novel organization is geared to assis t trades of all sizes in achieving their goals. (Johnson, 2005) Mission: FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics; transportation furthermore related information services through focused operating companies. Client requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx Corporation will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships by means of its employees, partners plus suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical as well as professional standards. (Lynch, 2006) Problems: FedExs strategy was to capitalize on the growth of e-trade moreover aimed at integrating its physical transportation by means of its virtual information infrastructures to create a large matrix of systems that meets the needs of trades ranging as of transportation services to complete supply chain management answers. FedEx has taken a client focused approach in addition to all systems are cantered on the client. The process of building the systems furthermore technology infrastructure was the first step in the transformation. Next, was the integration of trade processes into these systems? (Lynch, 2006) This was not an easy task moreover required expertise in logistics plus supply chain management. FedEx was following the technology age taking place in our country at this time as well as piggy backed on the growing e-trade market. The final step is for FedEx to transform its trade furthermore make people aware of the innovations and advancement. (Lynch, 2006) Political: FedEx conducts its trade internationally moreover therefore is required to follow international laws, rules furthermore regulations. FedEx will not carry shipments, which are in violation of any U.S. export laws. As by means of all shipping companies, they will not assume liability for any loss or expense, including, however not limited to, fines in addition to penalties, due to failure to comply by means of export laws or regulations relating to the export, import or movement goods at central hub locations, FedEx employees work jointly by means of U.S. Customs officials to prevent contraband as well as restricted items as of entering plus leaving the U.S. FedEx has initiated strict shipping guidelines furthermore know ones client rules, in conjunction by means of law enforcement, to deter moreover prevent the movement of dangerous furthermore deadly agents into the U.S. They screen packages for illegal currency and monetary instrument shipments in violation of the Bank Secrecy Act r eporting requirements. (Lynch, 2006) Economic: FedEx Corporation has grown as of a package mover to the leading transportation offer in the world. It was the first to establish critical factors to transform a conventional trade into an e-trade. FedEx developed a global network which offers services beyond transportation, including full service management tools plus support. FedEx led the manner in the deregulation of the transportation industry, which resulted in economic competition in addition to a decrease of transportation costs as of 7.4 % of GDP in 1980 to 6% of GDP in 1999. It employed 166,000 full-time furthermore part-time workers in the United States in 2000, by means of a payroll as well as benefits of  £7.2 billion. The direct and indirect employment impact of FedEx operations is over 550,000 jobs, or around 1 in every 270 jobs in the United States. The businesss revenues exceeded  £18 billion in fiscal year 2000 while the combined direct plus indirect output produced by FedEx activities totalled approximately  £53 billion. The number of export packages transported by FedEx has been growing steadily over 15 percent. FedEx has tripled its market share over the last seven years. The value of these exports has in addition augmented 300 percent, an annual average of over 22% while during the same period U.S. exports just augmented 50%, a 7% annual augment. The evolution moreover success of FedEx has had a multiplier effect on the U.S. economy. It continues to make technological furthermore operational advances that are impacting on global markets as well. (Johnson, 2005) Socio-cultural: FedEx has established that it cares very much regarding the global community. It uses its resources to assist thousands of organizations throughout the world. Their aircraft furthermore vehicles deliver tons of aid to disaster sites. Employees volunteer countless hours to make their communities better places to live, play, in addition to work. FedEx gives financial support to assist ensures childrens safety as well as improve education. FedEx is committed to all their employees and the communities in which they live. They demonstrate this by offering financial support plus volunteer support for charities that promote educational, artistic moreover cultural, civic furthermore humanitarian well being. (De Wit, 2004) Technological: The FedEx Corporation has made massive strides in technology and is setting the industry standard for competence furthermore client service. FedEx has sought technological advances in response to client needs, and has excelled in anticipating as well as projecting demands of an environment that would depend plus thrive on information. The technology FedEx has developed enables clients in addition to support personnel to have wireless access to essential information systems networks anytime moreover anywhere. FedEx was the first to integrate wireless technology further than two decades ago, furthermore continues to develop and lead the industry in developing innovative wireless answers. (De Wit, 2004) FedEx has long been in the forefront in recognizing the potential of the Internet to offer fast, easy furthermore convenient service options for its clients. In 1994, the FedEx Web site was launched by means of a bold package tracking application that was no doubt one of the first true corporate Web services. FedEx turned out to be the first transportation business by means of a web site offering a feature that allowed clients to generate their own unique bar-coded shipping labels moreover contact couriers to pick up shipments. The web site today handles over 1.1 million package-tracking requests daily. Further than 2.5 million clients connect by means of the business electronically everyday as well as electronic transactions account for two-thirds of the five million shipments FedEx delivers daily. The web site is acclaimed in the trade community for its speed, ease of employ plus client-focused features. (Lynch, 2006) Global: The international market place is by far the businesss most prominent growth opportunity. The FedEx global story began by means of the growth of FedEx Express, which today covers further than 210 countries by means of quick, reliable express transportation. FedEx has been a leader in the global economy, offering clients further choices and further places. The family of companies representing FedEx operates hubs all over the world, giving clients limitless opportunities to expand their client base. (Johnson, 2005) FedEx Trade Networks offers global e customs clearance in the U.S. in addition to Canada, offers freight forwarding services that connect the U.S. furthermore Canada by means of Asia, Europe, Latin America moreover other major international regions. FedEx Supply Chain Services leverages the global transportation in addition to information networks of the FedEx companies as well as their affiliates to offer international supply chain management answers to clients in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. (Ward, 2006) Competitive Environment The competitive environment is made up of the life cycle stage, competitors, key success factors, plus Porters 5 forces. FedEx is still in the growth stage of the life cycle. There are few competitors in the postal service plus delivery industry. Top Competitor: UPS The United Parcel Service was founded in 1907 inside the United States. Today UPS is a  £30 billion business that focuses on enabling commerce around the planet. UPS is one of the most recognized plus admired brands in the world on top of express carrier and package delivery. UPS is a leading offer of specialized transportation, logistics, capital, plus e-commerce services. UPS is involved in further than 200 countries worldwide. (De Wit, 2004) UPS Internet Shipping is ones fastest in addition to most convenient shipping answer on the Web. Access the industrys widest array of shipping options right as of ones computer. UPS Internet Shipping offers several key benefits including: Store up to 300 addresses in Address Book Access shipment details plus tracking data for up to 90 days Customize preferences for fast, easy shipping Shipping software not required nothing to install Strategic Analysis: Most carrier firms emphasize the same strategic dimensions furthermore employ similar strategies moreover that once common strategy that is the carrier trade is the high investment in research and growth in order to develop better technologies. In the trade, firms by means of the best technology tend to have a higher market share and this can be seen as a competitive advantage. (Johnson, 2005) Key Success Factors: The key success factors for FedEx trade is technology. This is what makes a business run as well as ultimately makes the money for the business. Another key success factor is marketing. People need to be familiar by means of the carriers names in addition to services so they have trust in the quality of the service offered. The further a parcel carrier is globalization; the better success it will have when it comes to international deliveries. International deliveries are costly plus there are just a few carriers that can offer total global delivery services furthermore this might be a competitive advantage. Client service is very significant; carriers need to keep the clients satisfied by means of the service so they continue to come back moreover employ the service. (De Wit, 2004) Value Chain Analysis Identification of Core Competence Primary activities: Inbound logistics- handling and storing of products to be shipped. Operations- shipping products, logistics, value chain analysis, financial analysis, handling orders, checking orders. Outbound logistics- delivery of the products, receiving payment. Marketing furthermore Sales- develop a positive image of the business making people feel comfortable plus satisfied by means of the product. Service- Concentrates on client satisfaction, doing anything that satisfies the clients. Support Activities: Procurement- purchasing, trucks, planes, gas in addition to other assets Technology growth- investments in systems innovation, research moreover growth and information technology HR management- hiring, training, developing and compensating employees as of truck drivers to top-level management Firm infrastructure- General management, planning, accounting, legal support, government regulations, required to support the value chain Global distribution involves managing not just the movement of goods, however in addition the flow of information furthermore finance that moves by means of the goods. A FedEx supply chain answer is a streamlined organization as well as that one core competency leads to another it is a continuous flow. (Stacey, 1996) SWOT Analysis: Strengths: Market Leader Number one in the International Air Express Industry They had a head start in the trade Can clear customs faster allowing shipments to avoid delays Weakness: Major competitors and its operations Growth demand Opportunities: Expand into further countries Buy further planes plus trucks to deliver further packages faster Start delivering further heavy weight cargo Improve ground delivery Upgrading distribution in addition to logistic services Threats: Competitors that offer better prices, faster travel time Clients stop buying products Gas Prices can rise that will have an impact on the prices Five Forces Model: Threat of Novel Entrants: The threat of novel entrants is low in the parcel industry. It is low for the reason that it is very expensive to get involved in the industry. Starts up costs are high. It is expensive to have the services that are equal to that of FedEx moreover the other competitors. (Lynch, 2006) Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is high. It is high for the reason that when looking at the items that the parcel industry employ such as, planes, computers, furthermore vehicles. If FedEx is not on good relations by means of these people, the costs can augment drastically. (Ward, 2006) Bargaining Power of Buyers: The buyers have a very strong bargaining power. They have the ability to switch their user to one of the other members of the industry at any time. It is the job of FedEx to make sure that the client is always happy. It comes as no extra cost to the buyer to switch their parcel delivery business. The just lose that is really suffered comes at the expense of the business for losing a client. (Whittington, 2000) Product Substitutes: It is very easy to substitute a delivery service. There are not several out there however the ones that are well established in the eyes of the client and the industry. It would not be a complex task to switch one business for another. Since this is the case, FedEx has to maintain good client relations by means of their clients. (Stacey, 1996) Intensity of Rivalry: The parcel industry is an intense industry. There are five main players in the industry competing for market share. The features that they are competing on are the speed of delivery, the competence of the delivery, furthermore prices. If one can create a successful mix of the three of those factors, one will hold the greatest market share. (Lynch, 2006) FedEx has turn out to be a major technology user. The employ of IT to its trade enabled FedEx to surpass the rest of the industry as well as acknowledge Fred Smith as the visionary who forced his plus other companies to think outside the proverbial one. He rationed that the business have to acquire its own transportation fleet while competitors were buying space on commercial airlines moreover sub-contracting their shipments to third parties, reliable on its overnight delivery commitments, an image that has turn out to be fundamental to FedExs overall success. The introduction of novel technology allowed FedEx to install further than 100,000 sets of PCs by means of its software, allowing clients to be linked in addition to logged into their ordering and tracking system. The emergence of PCs loaded by means of FedEx software transformed the client base into an electronic network. Information enables corporate clients to tighten their order-to-delivery cycle, exercise just-in-time (JIT ) inventory management furthermore synchronize production levels to market demand. FedExs quality of service turned out to be synonymous by means of the quality of the information offered to its workforce. (Johnson, 2005) FedEx has enhanced information management in terms of being able to identify the critical factors involved by means of success of an e-trade. It has successfully transformed as of a conventional trade into an advanced e-trade in its network economy. FedEx has succeeded in several areas including: visionary leadership in the application of novel technologies, defining the information infrastructure, integrating internal processes, and aligning the organizational structure for maximum benefits. FedExs key strategy was client service furthermore for its clients to adapt into its novel information technology. FedEx harnessed its novel technologies plus extended the electronic trade to all of its clients. FedEx has developed this technology moreover made it possible for its clients to connect by means of them in any manner the client chooses. The restructuring of FedEx addressed several processes however in exacting the integration of logistics as well as supply chain management proved to be most successful. The enabled FedEx to cut inventory levels, reduce costs as well as shortening order-cycle time. This is a key for FedEx to improve the quality of service they offered to their clients. (Mintzberg, 1998) FedEx has laid out a vast matrix of transportation in addition to information networks that will offer them by means of a huge competitive advantage for some time. To function as e-trade Business will need to turn out to be increasingly client/answers focused. All processes have to be integrated to ensure a unified client centred front that offers services throughout the value chain, logistics, and parcel carrier trade. FedExs novel restructuring will serve their clients as well as apply novel technologies constantly to improve their response time and the value of the information they offer. FedEx will continue to build, innovate, furthermore exploit technologies as of the successful base they have created and will be on top of the industry for a long time to come. FedEx can be classed as an innovator in its field, being the first business to introduce several of the technologies furthermore processes that are worn in the courier trade today. Innovation can be seen as a context-speci fic process of invention, diffusion, adoption in addition to implementation. (Lynch, 2006) FedEx management understands the strategic significance of innovation plus has forged links to create the FedEx Technology Institute. .FedEx has in addition shown a strong trend for technological innovation. This means that the business is not always reactive to competition; rather they often force the competition to follow their lead. This gives FedEx a competitive edge, moreover in addition continues to ensure that the FedEx brand-name is well respected. (De Wit, 2004) Challenges Faced: While carrying out this task the experiences that were face while used the analytical tools and techniques introduced in the module were really very fruitful and I came across situations where I felt that I really am an employee of the organization and felt the situation the organization was facing and going through. And the techniques introduced and taught in the module enabled me to think about the solutions that might help the organization. The advancement in the nature of the techniques introduced in the module and the way the over all modules was organized throughout it really enabled me to understand the situations an organization may go through during its business process. This was a great experience as along with focusing on the task I also practiced and learned how to search and go through different sources more efficiently in order to complete a task.

Beowulf The Epic Hero :: essays research papers

Beowulf the Epic Hero What does it mean to be a hero? Like anything else in this world, the definition of the word hero can be argued. Some may say that a hero can be passive, that is if he or she refrains from doing a certain action it makes them heroic. Others would argue that to be truly heroic the character must never turn tail and always face the obstacle head on even though he or she may die in the process. So is Beowulf a hero? Yes, Beowulf is a great epic hero, but his greatness comes only from his sword and not from his mind. In order to be a hero in an epic poem there were certain qualities you had to possess. First of all you had to be a male. It is rare to see any woman in epic poems taking on the role as hero. Women were usually only minor characters who are often not even named. Second of all you had to be a man of noble birth. Meaning that the hero had to be either a king, prince, knight or some other high-ranking person in society. Beowulf satisfies all of these requirements. He is the nephew of the king of the Geats, and son of a great warrior. As was common in literature up until recently, Beowulf’s mother was not named as well as Grendel’s mother. The slave character was not named too, which in my mind would indicate that women had little more status than slaves or property during the times of the Vikings. Fittingly enough, Beowulf’s sword even got a name, for it is by his sword that he earns his eternal fame and glory. However, besides the fact that Beowulf was of noble lineage and that he was a great warrior, he has some other noble qualities. On the plus side for Beowulf we can say that he was a pious warrior. Although he was from being a modest warrior, for he was anything but modest when it came to his great deeds of valor on the battlefield, he did credit Jesus for every success he has come across. This is not really a revolutionary idea for epic heroes, as we see the heroes of the Iliad, Odyssey, and the Aenied constantly praying to the gods for glory on the battlefield. The main difference is that they are pagans, and Beowulf is a Christian, which does not even really make sense because he was a Viking warrior and the Vikings were not Christians.

A Girl with a Pearl Earring

Samantha Fain Dr. Elizabeth Wise CHM 165 3/15/2012 Book Report: Girl with a Pearl Earring The Girl with a Pearl Earring is a historical fictional novel about the famous painting created by the artist Johannes Vermeer. The story takes place in the 17th century in Delft, Holland. The novel chronicles the actions that led up to the painting of Girl with a Pearl Earring. The subject of the painting is a young girl named Griet, who goes to live with Johannes Vermeer’s family and be a second maid to their growing household. Vermeer really introduces Griet to the world of paint and even goes as far as to employ her as his assistant.Vermeer did not waste any time showing his new assistant, Griet, how to mix paints. Vermeer started off by sending Griet to pick up materials to grind up and make his paints. Vermeer showed Griet how to make paint by grinding up different materials with a muller. Griet finds she is not as quick as the artist, but Vermeer mentions that some materials are ea sier than others to grind. Griet often rubs the paste in between her fingers to check for consistency. Also, the finer the materials were ground, the brighter the colors. Vermeer often used linseed oil and white lead, and bones while creating his paints.Most things in everyday life are made up of many colors that the average person never takes the time to notice. Vermeer first explains this to Griet when he is pointing out the colors of the clouds. Many people would describe clouds as plain white, but Vermeer and Griet point out that many colors make up clouds and they are not pure white. Vermeer carries this thought throughout all his paintings. Vermeer focuses on great tones and hues in his painting making him stand apart from other artists of his time. Light is very important to the painting process, but Vermeer put a special focus on the way that light can affect paint.Vermeer’s studio was where he spent most of his time and it had to be just so. The windows were kept dir ty because the dirt buildup changed the amount of light in the room, and Vermeer was particular about how much light he let in. Vermeer’s paintings showed his knowledge of light because he used it to bring much realism to his work. The use of Camera obscura is another one of Vermeer’s techniques. A Camera obscura is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. Vermeer showed the Camera obscura to Griet and took the opportunity to get closer to her as they look through the small hole.The Camera obscura helps to see composition and color. Sometimes, a camera Obscura is used to trace the outline of the paint onto the canvas. All in all, Vermeer was an artist ahead of his time who employed many different painting techniques that were revolutionary at the time. By Vermeer taking on Griet as an assistant he introduced her to the world of paint and how it can affect people’s perceptions in everyday life. Griet never thought being a maid and assistant to Vermeer would lead to infamous painting that is called today’s Dutch Mona Lisa.