Alias grace dreams essays

Alias grace dreams essays I finished reading Alias Grace a couple of nights ago. I think one of the quotes from the blurb on the back read something like surely, this is as far as a novel can go and I think I agree. Not so much with the plot, which is still brilliant and involving, but by the sheer amount of technical skill Atwood demonstrates. Youll find a number of different writing methods styles that lesser novels pick one of and use all the way through like poetry, letters from characters to other characters and extracts from other (real life) texts of Grace Marks murder trial. What makes it all so impressive is that in one chapter you could be reading straight from the mind of Grace herself and then the next a number of letters from Dr. Simon Jordan (her fledgling psychologist) addressed to his mother, and it all seamlessly connects while feeling relevant to the story. And the story is an interesting one. I have the feeling I wouldve appreciated more if I had heard of Grace Marks or knew a little bit about the case before reading. Theres a sense that Atwood is writing for people who might have wondered about Grace Marks past and needed someone imaginative to fill in the gaps for them. But Atwood still does an excellent job of catering for the ignorant. Alias Grace is also a book that needs to be read all at once in a fairly short period of time; just to process all the information and keep events straight in your mind. My casual reading habits werent much help with that. But either way, like I said before, the book did what I wanted it to do: prove to me that Margaret Atwood is a bloody good writer. I think I now appreciate The Handmaids Tale a little more because it. Sigmund Freud (18561939) is universally considered the father of psychoanalysis, and many date the birth of psychoanalytic theory from the 1899 publication of The Interpretation of Dream...

Enslavement Timeline 1619 to 1696

Enslavement Timeline 1619 to 1696 Historian Frances Latimer argues that enslavement happened one law at a time, one person at a time. As the American colonies grew throughout the 17th Century, human bondage transformed from indentured servitude to a life of enslavement. 1612: Commercial tobacco is raised in Jamestown, Va.1619: Twenty Africans are transported to Jamestown. They were imported to work as slaves in Great Britains American colonies.1626: The Dutch West India Company brings eleven African-American men to the New Netherlands1636: Desire, the first carrier in the United States to participate in human trade. The ship is built and first sails from Massachusetts. This marks the beginning of colonial North Americas participation in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.1640: John Punch becomes the first documented slave to receive servitude for life. An African servant, John Punch, is sentenced to life after running away. His white friends, who also ran away, received extended servitude.1640: Residents of New Netherlands are prohibited from providing any assistance to fugitive slaves.1641: The DAngolas become the first recorded marriage between people of African descent.1641: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize enslavement.1643: A fugit ive slave law is established in the New England Confederation. The Confederation includes Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Haven. 1650: Connecticut legalizes enslavement.1652: Rhode Island creates laws restricting and then forbidding slavery.1652: All black and Native American servants are mandated to take military training by Massachusetts law.1654: Blacks are granted the right to be slaveholders in Virginia.1657: Virginia passes a fugitive slave law.1660: The Council of Foreign Plantations is ordered by Charles II, King of England, to convert slaves and indentured servants to Christianity.1662: Virginia passes a law establishing hereditary slavery. The law states that children of African-American mothers shall be bond or free according to the condition of the mother.1662: Massachusetts passes a law prohibiting blacks from bearing arms. States such as New York, Connecticut, and New Hampshire followed suit.1663: The first documented slave rebellion takes place in Gloucester County, Va.1663: The state of Maryland legalizes enslavement.1663: Charles II gives North Carolina and South Carolina to slave proprietors. 1664: Enslavement is legalized in New York and New Jersey.1664: Maryland becomes the first colony to make marriage between white women and black men illegal.1664: Maryland passes a law making lifelong servitude for black slaves legal. Colonies such as New York, New Jersey, the Carolinas, and Virginia pass similar laws.1666: Maryland enacts a fugitive slave law.1667: Virginia passes a law stating that a Christian baptism will not change a persons status as a slave.1668: New Jersey passes a fugitive slave law.1670: Free Africans and Native Americans are prohibited from owning white Christian servants by Virginia law.1674: New York lawmakers declare that enslaved African-Americans who convert to Christianity will not be freed.1676: Slaves, as well as black and white indentured servants, participate in Bacons Rebellion.1680: Virginia passes laws prohibiting blacksfreed or enslavedfrom bearing arms and congregating in large numbers. The law also enforces stiff punishments for slaves who t ry to escape or attack white Christians. 1682: Virginia passes a law announcing that all imported Africans will be slaves for life.1684: New York prohibits slaves from selling goods.1688: Pennsylvania Quakers establish the first antislavery resolution.1691: Virginia creates its first anti-miscegenation law, prohibiting marriage between whites and blacks as well as whites and Native Americans.1691: Virginia declares it illegal to free slaves within its borders. As a result, freed slaves must leave the colony.1691: South Carolina establishes its first set of slave codes.1694: Importation of Africans increases tremendously into the Carolinas after rice cultivation is developed.1696: Royal African Trade Company loses its monopoly. New England colonists enter into the slave trade.

Develop a social networking strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Develop a social networking strategy - Essay Example Social media marketing is the promotional activity through which the business targets the prospect or potential customers via various social media sites in order, to increase the sales, enhance the brand loyalty and accomplish the business goals. It is very different from the traditional marketing, where promotion is highly dependent on the high-traffic Media, such as print and television. Unlike traditional means marketing through social media sites does not requires any paid placement that are charged to the business, but requires the marketer to devise methods in which information can be presented, so that the target audiences can assign value to the offerings. A social media marketing plan can take various forms like creating page of Facebook, developing a blog that focuses on issues related to the business segment in which the organization is dealing, new tools like Foursquare and reward on returning to visit the store through virtual badges (Powell, Groves & Dimos, 2011). This study focuses on the social media as a marketing tool for Book Bunker. Figure 1 Source: (Roberts, 2002) Figure 2 Source: (Roberts, 2002) Social Media Social media includes online tools that allow people with similar interest to share information and learn from each other or network over an open process. The information that is found on these sites are referred to as user generated content, which signifies that any individual can post their comments or suggestion on these sites with almost no or minimal restriction. This type of user-supplied content can vary over a wide range starting from bookmarked links to written posts, photos, original music and videos. It can be unstructured as well, such as family photos on Facebook or in a very formal and detailed structure such as article on Wikipedia. A partial list of structures that are available for a social media site includes combination of blogs, forums, micro-blogs, video-sharing, photo-sharing, customer reviews, online publishing, social and professional networking, or any other traditional website that accepts post from online communities. The media has become a significant element in driving the page visits and views and some sort of social media feature is always available on web (Wankel, 2011). It should be noted that the veracity of the contents that are posted on the social media outlets are not scrutinized. This may acts as one of the defining characteristics. This in turn also signifies a broad spectrum of mankind. It can be dull or insightful, biased or balanced, too revealing or guarded and most significantly outrageously libelous and verifiably true. False or accurate, anything can be posted on the websites or any other online sources with either a malicious intention or with the best intention. This makes it important for the readers or the users of these contents to scrutinize the validity and importance of the material that they read (Zarrella, 2010; Newson, Houghton & Patten, 2009; Al-Deen & He ndricks, 2012). Utilization of social media There are huge variations of websites and social media applications, which makes it impossible to list

There is no set topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

There is no set topic - Essay Example It is in this third letter that he strove to enlighten the public in his influence during the 18th century of how his humble career as a farmer created for him a paradigm shift that significantly changed his overall perspective of Europe with a renewed heart toward America and the naturalized citizenship which it endowed him without much exertion. The words in ‘What is an American?’ may be noted for both its simple and complex constructions which occur to liberate a tone of replenishing spirit after pertinent details had been brought across by critical yet sensible mode of reasoning. Instead of getting the reader to anticipate a more straightforward answer at its opening, the author seemed to have diverted the audience to a historically inclined creative introduction. Crevecoeur opted for the presence of an Englishman in the beginning to witness how the land of America, in which several Caucasians melted, alleviates a man to a level of acquiring both identity and prosper ity which he was deprived of while dwelling in the nation of his origins where social classes make a huge matter of concern.

Adas Muteness and Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Adas Muteness and Voice - Essay Example This is the kind of social situation that is described in opening pages of The Piano as the main character Ada describes her preparations to leave her home and cross the sea to New Zealand where she will meet the husband that her father has just married her to without having consulted her at all. This introduction makes an instant connection between her muteness in voice and her muteness in her society and even in her own life. Throughout the story, Ada is trapped in a man’s world, even when she goes as far away as New Zealand and its untamed frontier which is where most of the story takes place. However, in the character of Ada, Jane Campion shows how a woman without a voice made herself heard even to those who wouldn’t listen, demonstrating how a voice could be used as a tool of power in an otherwise powerless world. It is helpful to gain a bit of historical understanding regarding the female voice in order to fully appreciate the significance of Ada’s silence and returning voice by the end of the story. Anne Carson provides a strong analysis of how concepts regarding the woman’s voice evolved out of ancient history. According to Carson, women expressed the moments of extreme joy, grief, fear and hope within the regular and climactic moments of life through the sound of the ololyga: â€Å"a high-pitched piercing cry uttered at certain climactic moments in ritual practice †¦ or at climactic moments in real life †¦ and also a common feature of women’s festivals† (Carson, 1995: 125). Because the noise could be irritating to those not actively engaged in the celebration, these rituals were usually held outside of the range of hearing of the men and the city. Over time, this had the tendency to reinforce ideas of women as savage mysterious outsiders. Their religio us rites were often female only, they made strange sounds while practicing and they practiced outside of the city limits, making them seem like wild animals in the wilderness.   Meanwhile, the proper role of the man was to disconnect from his emotions enough to control the escape of unintended, uncontrolled sounds.  

Volunteering In Sports Social Work Essay

Volunteering In Sports Social Work Essay This literature review focuses on sports volunteering as part of an investigation into the successfulness of leadership academies. By critically examining existing research and related literature, this review aims to draw up key issues and identify gaps in the current volunteering system. The scope of the searches for relevant literature was restricted to material dated from 1990 onwards, with to enable the literature review to concentrate on the most recent information. Literature was sourced through databases and websites linked to volunteering, sport, active citizenship and leadership. As such, this literature review draws on a variety of subjects which will be identified throughout the review. This paper reviews key literature, focusing on the need for continued involvement in leadership and volunteer opportunities within the school and community context. Introduction It is a cherished belief within physical activity and sport communities that participation in leadership and volunteering has the potential to offer young people a range of physical, psychological and social benefits, whilst also as a provider of sporting opportunities and in the development of sport, from increasing participation through to supporting excellence and elite performance. More recently in the UK, this belief has become prominent in government policies, are seeking to engage young people in order to inspire individuals and even though the London 2012 Olympic Games is 3 years away strong planning for volunteering is being put in place as the aspect of major events that has the potential to contribute to social regeneration and the strengthening of social capital. The phrase volunteering is the lifeblood of English sport is often used in todays sporting society. With it being well recognised that volunteers provide the core support for sport in the United Kingdom and without the 2 million adult volunteers who contribute at least one hour a week to volunteering in sport, community sport would simply grind to a halt (Sports Council, 1996). The research, commissioned by Sport England (2003) and carried out by the Leisure Industries Research Centre, provided the hard evidence to support this contention. It demonstrates the breadth and depth of support given by people across the country, who provide their time and rarely look for any reward beyond the personal satisfaction they get from the opportunities they provide for others to participate and achieve in sport. Volunteers also play an incredible role in staging some of Englands most prestigious sporting events. Volunteering in the UK has a long and established history (Ockenden, 2007) and withou t its volunteer workforce, events simply wouldnt happen. Such reliance on volunteers in UK sport lead to the production of the government strategy, A Sporting Future for All. The policy has a major focus on ensures that volunteers get adequate training, support and strategic management (DCMS, 2000). Defining volunteering As suggested by Cluskey, et al (2006) defining volunteering is something that on the surface appears to be relatively simple, but in reality it is actually quite complex. Many researchers have stated that the term volunteering is vague, covering different activities and participation at all levels of society, with volunteering traditions being affected by cultural and political contexts (Salamon Anheier, 1997; Lukka Ellis, 2002; United Nations, 2001). Although the word volunteer may seem to have a common shared meaning, there is not universal consensus about the meaning of the term. It should be highlighted that there is no single meaning of volunteering or of a what volunteer is (Volunteering England, 2008). Davis Smith (2000) and Nichols (2004) highlight four characteristics of volunteering within a UK context: That it should be undertaken for no financial gain That it should be undertaken in an environment of genuine freewill That there are identifiable beneficiaries or a beneficiary That there can be formal and informal types Current context for sports volunteering in the UK The voluntary sector plays a central role in sports development and the provision of sporting opportunities in the UK. Volunteers are key in the organisation of UK sport and the sector also provides a major economic contribution to the total value added of the industry (Shibli et al, 1999; Gratton and Taylor,2000). Volunteering in the UK has a long and established history (Ockenden, 2007) and the valuable contribution volunteers make to society is increasingly being recognised. All levels of government are becoming more and more keen to raise active citizenship, and volunteering is promoted as one of the best examples of how individuals can make a meaningful contribution to civil society with volunteering seen as an important expression of citizenship and fundamental to democracy (EFSD, 2007). There has been two main research documents both commissioned by Sport England, which look into sports volunteering in England. The latest Active People Survey (2006) showed that over 2.7 million people put some voluntary time into sport (at least one hour a week volunteering to sport). The Sports Volunteering in England (2002) found numerous results some of the headline information from this research is below: There are 5,821,400 sport volunteers in England. This represents 14% of the adult population. 26% of all volunteers cite sport as their main area of interest. That makes the sport sector the single biggest contribution to total volunteering in England. Sport volunteers contribute one billion hours each year to sport equivalent to 720,000 paid workers. These results have seen a massive change as results from five years previous in the 1997 National Survey of Volunteering (Davis Smith, 1998) indicated a sharp reduction in levels of participation by young people. Volunteering by those aged 16 to 24 was down from 55% in 1991 to 43% in 1997, reversing the trend towards higher rates of volunteering in the previous decade (Lynn and Davis Smith, 1991). Government change over time Eley and Kirk (2002) identified during the 1990s there became a recognition of the benefits of volunteering which led to greater interest in volunteer activity among young people and the political parties developed strategies to help attract and encourage more young volunteers. The government has now identified engaging people in voluntary work as a key way to reaching out to those most at risk from social exclusion. This was linked with New Labour coming to power in 1997, as numerous initiatives recognised and supported volunteering were established: Millennium Volunteers an England wide scheme that aimed to increase volunteering for people aged 16 to 24 year olds. Now been re-branded as the vinvolved programme, currently funding voluntary organisations and encouraging young people to get involved in volunteering. The Year of the Volunteer 2005 a  £10 million campaign funded by the Home Office and aimed at raising the awareness of volunteering, increasing opportunities for people to become involved whilst also encouraging more individuals to volunteer Although these programmes are generic volunteer programmes they include projects that take place within sport. A Sporting Future for All (DCMS, 2000) and Game Plan (DCMS, 2002) ensured that volunteering in sport appeared on the strategic agenda. Sport England was made responsible for raising the profile of and promoting volunteering within sport. Given the role assigned to sport in achieving new Labours social inclusion and active citizenship agendas (PAT 10 Report, DCMS, 1999), numerous nationally driven initiatives that promote volunteering in a specifically sporting context have appeared. As stated by Volleyball England (2004) over the past few years leadership for young people within sport has become a hot topic on the Governments agenda leading to specifically targeted policies. The Physical Education and School Sport and Club Links (PESSYP) strategy which came into place in 2003, consisted of 8 strands which covered an array of areas aiming to enhance the take-up of sporting opportunities for pupils five to sixteen year olds. Step into Sport was one of the eight strands which focused on developing leadership. Now, the new PESSYP Strategy which shows the Governments continued interests in improving school PE, added 2 extra strands to the policy with Volunteering and Leadership having its own priority. Current Sport England programmes: Recruit into Coaching is part of the wider PE and Sport Strategy for Young People (PESSYP) coaching strand. Recruit into Coaching focuses on the 70 most deprived areas of England as identified through the highest ranked local authorities. It is flexible in terms of the sports it includes as its based very much on local need. Which meets to the view of Rochester (2006) of using volunteering for civic renewal and social inclusion. The Young Ambassador Programme was born and initiated in the summer of 2006 as a direct response to the promise that London would use the power of the Olympic and Paralympic Games to inspire millions of young people to choose sport. London 2012 Olympics volunteering The London 2012 games will depend on up to 70,000 volunteers to make sure they run smoothly and successfully. This has lead to the creation of a number of volunteer schemes, which are aiming to allow for the volunteer spirit spreading wider than the Games themselves by encouraging everyone to give their time to help others. The Young Leaders Programme, supported by BP,  is one of the volunteer scheme which is designed to give a group of disadvantaged young people the chance to make positive change to their lives by using the summer games as a catalyst. Rochester (2006) suggests that within the UK, two broad policy streams encourage voluntary activity within sport and other contexts. These consist of, civil renewal and social inclusion. The aspect of civil renewal is aimed at targeting the increasing amount of people who are becoming disengaged from public life. Disengagement is regarded by the government as posing a threat to democracy and having a harmful impact on community cohesion, with individuals progressively losing their sense of common purpose and belonging within the society (Jochum et al., 2005). Social inclusion has also become a hot topic for new Labour. The formation of the Social Exclusion Task Force, which was established in 2006 shows the commitment creating inclusive communities. It has been identified that participating in voluntary work as a way to reach out to people at risk of social exclusion and promoting correlative social inclusion (Social Exclusion Task Force, 2009). Champion Coaching was the first nationwide scheme created to help the support volunteers. Motives for volunteering Whilst evidence shows that there is widespread commitment to increase numbers and strengthen the volunteer base, a clear picture of what we know about young volunteers does not exist. Gaskin (1998) created the most detailed and comprehensive information on young peoples attitudes and what they want from participation in volunteer activity. It established that the personal benefits gained by young people through volunteer and community service in sporting (Hellison, 1993) and general contexts (Pancer Pratt, 1999) which include an increase in confidence, personal development and pro-social identity. Many researchers have identified that people volunteer for a variety of reasons, both egoistic and altruistic, and the motivation for engaging in volunteer activity can vary greatly from person to person and over time for one person and many volunteers commonly cite multiple reasons for their involvement (Clary et al., 1998; Clary Snyder, 1999, 2000; Farmer Fedor, 1999; Wardell et al., 2000; Coleman, 2002; Taylor et al., 2003). Different age groups may also change their motives for volunteering, with younger groups regarding volunteering as a way of using and expanding their leadership skills, learning new skills and helping them with their future career prospects (Davis-Smith, 1998; Eley Kirk, 2002; Coalter, 2004; Kay Bradbury, 2009) while older volunteers more commonly mention a desire to fill up spare time and cite involvement in volunteering as part of their philosophy of life (Doherty Carron, 2003; Low et al., 2007). The contribution of young sport leaders takes an added si gnificance because their leadership training in sport not only contributes to their own personal skills development but they also use those skills through volunteering to provide greater sport opportunities for other young people to participate in sport (Elay and Kirk, 2002). Perhaps one of the most widely adopted theoretical approaches to understand volunteer motives is that of Clary and Snyder (1991) citied in Cluskeley, et al (2006) who argued that people act to satisfy socio-psychological goals and although individuals may be involved in similar voluntary activities, their goals can vary widely. Their perspective identified four key distinct functions which categorise the motives behind an individuals involvement; Expression of value acting on the belief of the importance to help other Understanding and knowledge need to understand others Social engage in meeting others through volunteering Ego defensive or protective relieve negative feeling through service to others Issues faced by volunteers Volunteers are under increasing pressures in their roles, as indicated by Sport England studies (Taylor et al, 2003; Nichols et al, 2003; Gratton et al, 1996; Nichols, Shibli and Taylor, 1998). These include societal pressures such as the constraints of time imposed by the paid workplace and family commitments and some which are institutional: for example, heavier obligations as a result of legislation (e.g. health and safety, child protection) and greater demands from NGBs and Sport England (e.g. funding requirements, equal opportunities policies, accreditation schemes). Findings published in Gaskins (1998) Vanishing Volunteers created the message that volunteering has a poor image among young people. Although they generally approve of volunteering as beneficial to society and to individuals, its appeal to them is limited. An examination by the National Centre for Volunteering of the barriers to volunteering in 1995, for example, identified five obstacles for young people: lack of awareness of the benefits of volunteering, and negative images of voluntary work as boring, badly organised, the preserve of white, middle-aged, middleclass females, and expensive and time consuming (Niyazi, 1995). This view was also highlighted in the Millennium Volunteers scheme which concluded that for the programme to be successful it would need not only to raise the profile of volunteering but also to carry images of volunteering which are relevant and meaningful to young people (DfEE, 1998). OLYMPIC VOLUNTEERING CHANGING THE IMAGE Promoting active citizenship The British government has been concerned with increasing citizenship and a sense of community spirit in young people for a number of years. In June 1998 the government published a policy framework for a scheme called the Millennium Volunteers. This programme created by the Department for Education and Skills was the one of the first to incorporate aims focused around increasing citizenship and rebuilding a sense of community among young people. Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister at the time expressed his concern about the need to support and recognise community involvement in order to bring about a giving age (Heath, 2000). The government is attempting to increase public engagement in civic institutions and society and respond to societal breakdown by promoting active citizenship and public participation as the responsibility of every individual. The governments commitment to such policies can be seen by the promotion of volunteering in schools through the introduction of citizenship as a subject in the national curriculum, extra support made available for employee volunteering, the creation of institutions that promote citizenship and, new funding initiatives and policy proposals that link citizenship to volunteering (NCVO, 2009). This change to the national curriculum links closely to the view of Elay and Kirk (2002) who identified the benefits of volunteering are also evident from an educational perspective because it is central to the issue of how young people should be taught about their rights and responsibilities to the community. Conclusion This literature review has been able to identify that sport has had a long history on heavily relying on volunteers. It remains one of the most popular fields for engagement for volunteers, with between 13% and 26% of all voluntary work in the UK taking place in a sporting context. Although sport is so reliant on its volunteers it has only started to receive recognition and support from the government or the broader volunteering infrastructure in recent years. The significant difference now however is the substantial funding which is being invested into school leadership programmes designed at creating lifelong volunteers. Volunteering may well be a catalyst for changing communities with excluded individuals, but there is no guarantee that this will always occur and it isnt backed up with enough solid information to create a solid case. Although volunteering does have a vast array of people involved the message from young people is that it needs a make-over to gain further participants. By improving its image, broadening its access and provide what todays and tomorrows young people need. Volunteering suffers from outdated associations with worthy philanthropy and conjures up images that do not appeal to the young. However, it is recognised as potentially offering opportunities to young people that are scarcely available anywhere else. The research suggests that there is a vast pool of young people who could benefit from voluntary work, if certain conditions are met. (Gaskin, 1998)

The rise of the labour party :: essays research papers

The rise o the labour party was due to many factors.Factors such as the movement of people from the countryside to cities which changed the economic structure of britain and also changed the social structure and this led to the need for political change. The need for political change to help the working class people who were living in poverty which had been highlighted by booth and rownatree who surveyed LOndon an york two of englands major cities .Better education led to the realisation that the two existing political parties were not suitable for the working class' needs .All were factors which conrtibuted to the rise of the labour party . The british goverment was run mainly by rich aristocrats because working class people could not afford to become MPs but in 1911 they introdiced payment for MPs which let the working class represent themselves in their constituencies in parliament either the liberal or conservative parties .Although this had happened the rich aristocracy still believed that they knew best when dealing with the poor even though they did nothing to help the poor .This attitude was based partly on the principle of laissez fair which meant little help was given to the poor and the little help that was given was harsh like the poor houses .These factors needed to be changed and the only way was through political change this also lead to the rise of the labour party . Another reason for the rise of the labour party was the failure of the 1832 act which granted the vote to small buisiness men , financiers and entreprenuers of the industrial revolution but ignored the organised sections of working class.Although the 1832 act failed to grant working class people the vote the 1867 , 1872 and 1884 acts gave the vote to more working class people , although this had happened the new voters did not have a party to represent them .These problems also helped the rise of the labour party through the necessity of of a party to represent the working class . The skilled working class organised themselves into model unions which protected their members intrests this showed that through organisation the rich could be forced the relive some of the bad conditions .The growth of the new unions and also their sucess like the match girls and dockers showed that even the poorest working class people could win against the upper class and this ledd to the potential of the same being acheived on political terms .

Not to Wear Fur

Talal talal lawand 20070313 Case study Q. 1 Describe the structural problems HP had. The structural problems at HP begin with the chain of command where there is no specific one, if there is a problem the employee needs to know how to resolve it; if he didn’t find a supervisor or a manager to solve his problem, he will not get the result that he want and the problem will still be stock so the chain of command is the first structural problem.The second structural problem is Management layers where sales person are too busy handling the management issue instead of doing their job and selling the product to customer (33% of their time with customer and the they are solving management issues). The third and structural problem is the most important one, which is the decision making problem, the decision making job in HP must come from top managers that’s mean that it must go thru all the chain of command, and with big and important problem that can’t wait for the deci sion to get from the top, the company will be in too much problem, the decision making at HP must be decentralized.Q. 2 How did Mark Hurd decide to address his company’s structural problems? What do you think of his changes? How about the company’s executives and sales force? Mark Hurd decided to begin solving all the problems by analyzing which one is most crucial for them and should be solved first. The results were good at the time because he analyzed the problem carefully and chose the right solutions for it. When the relationship between the customer and the company become stronger with time and the customer will become loyal to this company.With a decentralized and faster decision making and less layers of management the work and solving problems will become easier for employees which will help them to perfectionist their job. Q. 3 Would a more mechanistic or a more organic organization be appropriate for HP? Why? First an organic structure have a decentralized d ecision making policy, in which the decision will be faster with a quicker response, and that will make the customer more happy if his problems are solved quickly and easily, with no rules or regulations were the decision is taken according to the situation.If they used the mechanistic structure the employee must abide the company rules and regulations in which there will be a centralize decision making policy, the decision will come from the top management and that will slow him up and the customer will be unsatisfied and unhappy with the company performance. Decentralized approach save managers time that he can consume in doing a manager job like putting goals, and strategic strategies.At the end the organic structure will work better for all the parties the manager, employees, and the most important part of an organization the customers. Q. 4: What role do you think organizational structure plays in an organization’s effectiveness? Explain. Organizational structure plays a very important role in the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency. Because when the organization have clear and strong structure means everyone know very well what he has to do, what authority he have, to whom he is answerable and what is his or her importance within the organization.When an organization don’t have a clear structure, were no one will know what his job is, how to do his job, who reports to whom, and from where the decision will be made. All organization members from top to bottom will have difficulties and problems doing their job in the right way, and that will increase the company performance, profit and customers. When your decision is taken quickly and in time, the organization efficiency will increase. And all employees and customers will be happy.

Dark Matter essays

Dark Matter essays Two people have been credited for determining the need for dark matter. The first was astronomer Jan Oort, who back in 1932 measured the perpendicular motions of nearby stars relative to the disk of our galaxy. By studying the gravitational influence of the disk on these stars he was able to calculate the mass of the disk. The value he determined was twice as much as that inferred by the visible stars and nebulae in that region. A year later in 1933 astronomer Fritz Zwicky estimated the mass of a group of galaxies by measuring their brightness. When Zwicky used a different method of calculating the mass of the cluster he found it to be 400 times the value from directly inferring the mass from the brightness of the cluster. In both cases Oort and Zxwicky came to the conclusion that the visible galaxies only accounted for 10% of the mass needed to keep them gravitationally in the cluster. Based on 70 years of accumulated observations of the motions of galaxies and the expansion of the universe, most astronomers believe that as much as 90% of the stuff constituting the universe may be objects or particles that cannot be seen. In other words, most of the universes matter does not radiate it provides no glow that we can detect in the electromagnetic spectrum. Now in the 21st century, Zwicky and Oorts theories have been further enhanced. We have already observed in clusters of galaxies that the motion of galaxies within a cluster suggests that they are bound by a total gravitational force due to about 5-10 times as much matter as can be accounted for from luminous matter in said galaxies. But it is also theorized that within an individual galaxy, you can measure the rate of rotation of the stars about the galactic center of rotation. The resultant rotation curve is simply related to the distribution of matter in the galaxy. The outer stars in the galaxies seem to rotate too fast fo...

Unnecessary Sacrifice Essays - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Unnecessary Sacrifice Essays - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays Unnecessary Sacrifice Just as we wonder how past civilizations could be so barbaric as to practice sacrifice, future generations may wonder how our society could be so barbaric as to sacrifice even the unborn. Thus abortion should not be made legal. Because it is not determined when the fetus inside the mothers womb becomes an actual human being, it cannot be determined when abortion actually becomes murder. Until it can be determined when the fetus becomes an infant it should be considered murder at any point during pregnancy termination. Why do the largest percentage of abortions occur? Because childern are irresponsible. Stupid, little, baby, girls start fooling around and OOPS... they end up pregnant. Of course they are not ready for the responsibility of caring for a child or they just do not want that responsibility. In a lake near a university unborn baby remains were found. Girls attending the university who have had abortions dumped the fetus remnants in the lake. Murder is against the law. Lack of responsibility is becoming a growing problem in America. What will future civilizations think when they find baby remains? Abortion is a barbaric practice in which lives are taken, therefore abortion should not be made legal.

Thoughts about Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thoughts about Facebook - Essay Example This is evidenced by how students use Facebook to learn more about an area that is unique to them. The main attraction of young generation to Facebook is its ability to sell out individuals photos to the world (Dowens 1). With Facebook, people including old persons post their pictures on their respective profiles enhancing identity. Currently, communication is very easy. This is as a result of introduction of Facebook. This is evidenced by the diverse number of groups created and posted on Facebook. Communication to colleagues as well as specific persons in life is possible via Facebook. Additionally, Facebook enhances awareness through providing updates regarding nations and eminent people in the world (Dowens 1). It is the one that has enhanced many politicians such as President Obama to secure their jobs; it is used as a campaign platform. There are also some bad things about Facebook. For instance, it is evident that there is too much noise in Facebook. This is evidenced by occasional and useless notifications from unknown persons. The acceptance of notifications as well as new friends result to problems such as people unknown to you chat and comment carelessly on your posts. With Facebook privacy is jeopardized. Facebook provides lots of information about its users. Privacy has been worsened by businesses and institutions that seek popularity through this network system (Dowens 1). It is also evident that most people are attacked because of the information they have provided in the network. It is also evident that there are some dirty minds that take part in Facebook. This is evidenced by dirty pictures as well as posts posted on the site. Most of the parents might not find it interesting to see their children getting exposed to inappropriate pictures in the site. Some rumors spread via Facebook can be heartbreaking in addition to long lasting. For

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Literature Review - Essay Example rsing staff, doctors and others health workers like physiotherapists and respiratory therapists, and providing high-quality care to the sickest patients. Along with these, meeting the needs of the staff members who work in a very stressful environment is also an important challenge. To provide high quality care in ICU, there is a need for interplay of high technology and high acuity in such a setting. Each year, more than 4 million US patients receive critical care and this costs more than $180 billion annually (ECRI Institute, 2007). 10 % of the in-patient beds are occupied by intensive care patients. 30% of acute care hospital costs accounts for intensive care. 8% of the hospital beds are occupied by those who need critical care (Society of Critical Care medicine Survey, 1991 and 1993; qtd in Brilli, Spevetz, & Branson, et al, 2001). Treatment in critical care is extremely expensive. It accounts for 20% of all hospital costs and 1% of the GDP (Luce & Rubenfeld, 2002). The reason why intensive care treatment is highly costly is that ICU is a resource- intense environment which requires skilled staff, costly and new drugs and expensive technology (Kahn & Angus, 2006). Most of the Americans are covered by a health insurance plan either through the companies they work for or through the employment of their spouse or parents. According to the Current Population Survey, 2004 (ASPE, 2005), 59.8% of the population are covered by employers and only 9% purchase insurance directly. Another important source of insurance is Government. Medicare is the largest public coverage program and covers 14% of the population. About 84% of the beneficiaries of Medicare are those above 65 years of age. Another insurance program is the Medicaid which covers 12.9% of the population. The population which is covered by this program constitutes mainly the children, pregnant women, elderly, and disabled people. Military/veterans coverage of insurance is also provided by the Government and